社区步行环境的主动式健康干预--体力活动视角  

ACTIVE INTERVENTION OF COMMUNITY’S WALKING ENVIRONMENT IN HEALTH:A PERSPECTIVE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

作　　者：谭少华[1] 高银宝 李立峰 张杨 TAN Shaohua;GAO Yinbao;LI Lifeng;ZHANG Yang

机构地区：[1]重庆大学建筑城规学院、山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室 [2]重庆大学建筑城规学院 [3]广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院

出　　处：《城市规划》2020年第12期35-46,56,共13页City Planning Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(51278503):基于步行行为的主动式健康干预的住区环境研究;重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYB16010):基于人群健康的住区步行系统规划设计研究。

摘　　要：在快节奏、高强度的现代生活方式下,缺乏运动引发的慢性病日益盛行,提升运动量是有效干预此类慢性病的重要途径。基于体力活动视角,阐述社区步行环境主动干预人群健康的内在逻辑:运用步行环境干预居民日常体力活动,通过增加居民日常运动量,在一定程度上提升免疫力以增强居民身体素质。以重庆市渝中区七星岗街道为例,采用步行环境干预度(步行环境强度和广度)测度社区步行环境对人群健康干预的空间绩效。研究表明:(1)社区步行环境干预度能有效表达步行环境对人群体力活动的健康干预绩效;(2)路网密集、公交便利、服务设施完善和环境品质高的社区步行环境对体力活动的干预度较高,有助于提升人群健康。探索促进人群日常体力活动的社区步行环境,在一定程度上为增进社区居民健康提供了空间建设依据,本文尝试将体力活动干预转译到空间上,为城乡规划学科参与人群健康研究提供了一个可量化的视角,以期为人群健康干预及多路径建设健康社区提供参考。Chronic diseases caused by lack of exercises are increasingly prevalent in a fast-paced and high-intensity modern lifestyle.Increasing the amount of exercises is an important way to effectively prevent chronic diseases.From the perspective of physical activity,this paper explains the internal logic of active intervention of community’s walking environment in human health:by increasing residents’daily exercises,walking environment can be used to guide and control their daily physical activities and thus to improve their immunity.Taking Qixinggang Subdistrict,Yuzhong District,Chongqing City as an example,the paper conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the spatial performance of the intervention of community’s walking environment in human health by measuring the walking environment intervention degree(including walking environment intensity and walking environment breadth).The research shows that:(1)the community’s walking environment intervention degree can effectively show the intervention effects of walking environment in human physical activities;(2)in communities with dense road networks,convenient public transportation,complete service facilities,and a high environmental quality,the walking environment has a high degree of intervention in physical activities,which can help improve human health.Exploring the community’s walking environment that can promote residents’daily physical activities,to a certain extent,can provide a basis for improving human health from the perspective of spatial construction.This paper attempts to translate the intervention in physical activities into space,so as to provide a quantifiable perspective for the discipline of urban and rural planning to participate in human health studies.Meanwhile,it also hopes to provide a basis for human health intervention and construction of healthy communities in multiple ways.

关 键 词：建成环境 人群健康 空间干预 体力活动 步行友好型环境 

分 类 号：TU984.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]