江门市摩托车制造企业职业卫生现状及其关键控制点策略分析  

Occupational Health Status and Countermeasure Study of HACCP on Motorcycle Manufacturers in Jiangmen

作　　者：陈碧茵 施毅明[1] 李海荣 CHEN Biyin;SHI Yiming;LI Hairong(Jiangmen Prevention and Control Center for Occupational Diseases,Jiangmen 529000,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]江门市职业病防治所,广东江门529000

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2020年第6期327-331,共5页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的了解江门市摩托车制造业的职业卫生状况,分析职业病危害因素,掌握该行业职业病危害关键控制点,提出危害因素分析对策,保护劳动者身体健康。方法查阅2018-2019年企业职业病危害检测资料,判断抽样选取国内生产规模较大、产能及销售量位居前列、接害人数较多的3家江门市大型摩托车制造企业作为研究对象,对企业进行职业卫生调查,对工人进行职业健康检查,使用SPSS 25.0进行χ^2检验分析。结果3家摩托车制造企业噪声合格率分别为44.74%(17/38)、54.00%(27/50)和13.95%(6/43);其余化学因素、高温、手传振动和紫外辐射等均符合国家接触限值要求。男性与女性听力异常率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=17.545,P<0.001);工种间的听力异常率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=8.526,P=0.036);接触粉尘和噪声的听力异常率与单纯接触噪声危害的听力异常率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.970,P=0.026)。结论3家摩托车制造企业的职业病危害关键控制点包括:车架焊、部件焊、冲压冲床、喷漆、吹水和油箱打磨。企业应加强关键控制点的职业卫生检测与职业健康监护工作。Objective To understand the occupational health status of motorcycle manufacturing company,analyze the occupational hazard factors,and identify the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point(HACCP)that may be produced by motorcycle manufacturers,so as to put forward countermeasures for occupational hazard analysis to protect the workers’physical health.Methods After collecting and reviewing the companies’occupational disease hazard testing data from 2018 to 2019,the study selected three large-scale motorcycle manufacturing companies in Jiangmen City with large domestic production scale,production capacity and sales volume,and the number of victims as the research objects.The occupational health was investigated,and the occupational health of workers there was surveyed.SPSS 25.0 was used for chi square text.Results The qualified rate of noise in the three companies were 44.74%(17/38),54.00%(27/50),13.95%(6/43),respectively.Other occupational risk factors such as chemical factors,high temperature,hand-transmitted vibration,ultraviolet radiation were all under the national occupational exposure limits.The rate of hearing abnormality in male was higher than that in female(χ^2=17.545,P<0.001).There was statistical significance in hearing loss among different types of work(χ^2=8.526,P=0.036).The hearing abnormality rate of the cases with dust and noise exposure was higher than that of the cases with noise exposure alone(χ^2=4.970,P=0.026).Conclusion The CCP of three motorcycle manufacturers contains frame welding,component welding,punch press,painting,water blowing and fuel tank polishing.Occupational health surveillance and occupational health monitoring in motorcycle manufacturers should be taken seriously.

关 键 词：摩托车制造 关键控制点 现状分析 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]