檫木开花与果实发育规律初步研究  

A Study on Flowering and Fruit Development of Sassafras tzumu

作　　者：陈宏志 刘军[1] 姜景民[1] 孙杨 董昕 傅爱平 CHEN Hong-zhi;LIU Jun;JIANG Jing-min;SUN Yang;DONG Xin;FU Ai-ping(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China;Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Lishan Forest Farm of Yongfeng County,Jiangxi Province,Ji’an 331504,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400 [2]南京林业大学,江苏南京210037 [3]江西省吉安市永丰县李山林场,江西吉安331504

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2020年第6期148-154,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：浙江省“十三五”农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2016C02056-10);江西省林业厅林业科技创新专项(201804)。

摘　　要：[目的]观察檫木开花与果实发育过程,为檫木资源收集利用等研究提供参考。[方法]以杭州市富阳区城市森林公园内树龄超过10 a的檫木为调查对象,于2018年1—7月对其开花习性与果实发育过程进行观测,利用石蜡切片和体视显微镜观察花和果实结构。[结果](1)檫木成花的芽是由簇生花序和新枝生长锥构成的混合芽,自混合芽芽鳞开裂至花期结束约60 d。(2)观察到2种结构类型的花,分别由花被片6枚、雄蕊12枚、雌蕊1枚和花被片8枚、雄蕊16枚、雌蕊1枚组成,前者具退化雄蕊3枚,后者具退化雄蕊4枚。(3)檫木果实发育呈现“慢-快-慢”的变化规律,随着果实生长,果实含水率下降,而果实干质量呈线性增加,5月初种胚开始发育,至6月下旬果皮呈紫黑色时果实成熟。[结论]檫木开花过程可以分为芽鳞开裂期、初花期、盛花期、末花期4个阶段,群体水平上花期约45 d,且檫木花能够正常授粉结实;檫木果实发育12周,可分为幼果期、果实膨大期、果皮变色期和果实成熟期,果实为浆果状核果,种子为双子叶无胚乳种子。[Objective]To study the flowering and fruit development of Sassafras tzumu so as to further understand the biological characters of S.tzumu and provide references for its collection and utilization.[Method]Taking the S.tzumu trees with the age over 10-year-old in city forest park of Fuyang District,Hangzhou City as trial materials,the flowering habits and fruit growth process were observed from January to July 2018,and the flower and fruit structure of the trees were observed by paraffin section and stereomicroscope.[Result](1)The mixed buds of S.tzumu were composed of raceme and new branch growth cones.The time form buds scales break to the end of flowering was about 60 days.(2)Two types of flower were observed,one type had 6 perianth segments,12 pistils,1 stamen and the other one had 8 perianth segments,16 pistils,and 1 stamen.The former one had 3 staminodes and the latter one had 4 staminodes.(3)The growth of fruit followed a"slow-fast-slow"curve.The water content of the fruits decreased while the dry matter accumulation linearly increased with the growth of the fruits.The embryo began to grow in early May,and the fruit was fully mature when the skin was purple black in the end of June.[Conclusion]The flowering includes buds scales break,early florescence,blossom period,and final one.The flowering period is about 45 days at the population level,and can be pollinated and fruited normally.The growth of fruit can be divided into young fruit,expanding stage,peel discoloration and maturity,which lasts for 12 weeks.The fruits are berrylike drupe and dicotyledonous seeds without endosperm.

关 键 词：檫木 开花 果实发育 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]