人类发展指数视角下中国城乡发展不平衡问题研究  

A Study on China’s Urban-Rural Disparity Based on HDI

作　　者：杨天宇[1] 邓紫薇 Yang Tianyu;Deng Ziwei(School of Applied Economics,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学应用经济学院,北京100872

出　　处：《无锡商业职业技术学院学报》2020年第6期40-46,共7页Journal of Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“中国经济的结构性减速与结构性改革”(13JJD790036)。

摘　　要：在搜集整理我国城乡收入、教育和预期寿命数据的基础上,测算1990—2017年按城乡分的除港、澳、台以外的全国和各省(区、市)收入指数、教育指数和健康指数,并构建按城乡分的人类发展指数。研究发现,我国城乡发展差距比较严重。在全国层面,城乡教育差距呈现持续扩大的趋势;城乡健康差距和城乡收入差距均小于城乡教育差距,而且近年来呈现下降趋势。在地区层面,东、中、西部地区均表现为城乡收入差距最大,城乡教育差距次之,城乡健康差距最小;三大地区的城乡教育差距均持续扩大,城乡收入差距近年来都出现下降趋势,城乡健康差距则有升有降。要解决城乡发展不平衡问题,仅仅缩小城乡收入差距是不够的,还需要推动城乡教育均等化、改善农村教育和医疗基础设施以及推进人口城镇化进程。On the basis of collection and compilation of yearly data of income,education and life expectancy at birth,this paper calculates the national(apart from Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)and provincial urban-rural HDI disparity from 1990 to 2017.It is found that the urban-rural development disparity in China is quite serious.At the national level,the rural-urban disparity on education presents a trend of continuous expansion,while rural-urban disparity on health and income have shown a downward trend in recent years.At the provincial level,the rural-urban disparity on income is the largest in the eastern,central and western regions,followed by the rural-urban disparity on education,and the health disparity is the smallest.Therefore,to solve the problem of urban-rural development disparity,it is not enough to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas,it is also necessary to promote the equalization of urban and rural education and improve medical infrastructure.

关 键 词：人类发展指数 城乡差距 收入 教育 健康 

分 类 号：F036[经济管理—政治经济学]