民勤沙区4种典型一年生植物构件特征  

The Component Characteristics of Four Typical Annual Plants in Minqin Sandy Area

作　　者：张德魁[1] 马全林[1] 魏林源[1] 胥宝一[1] 宋德伟[1] 王中文[1] ZHANG De-kui;MA Quan-lin;WEI Lin-yuan;XU Bao-yi;SONG De-wei;WANG Zhong-wen(State Key Laboratory of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Combating,Gansu Desert Control and Research Institute,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省治沙研究所,甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治国家重点实验室培育基地,兰州730070

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2020年第34期14019-14026,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31560236,31270754);甘肃省重点研发计划(18YF1NA018);甘肃省青年科技基金(17JR5RA013);甘肃省自然科学基金(1606RJZA203)。

摘　　要：为掌握沙区一年生植物个体形态和构件特征,通过样地调查、室内测定和统计分析,对民勤沙区自然分布的沙米、虫实、盐生草和雾冰藜4种典型一年生植物个体形态及构件特征进行了观测研究。结果表明:①沙米具有最大的株高和冠幅,其次是盐生草和雾冰藜,虫实最小,变异系数值均大于20%,植株个体大小差异大;②4种植物个体生物量干重大小顺序是沙米(98.24 g)>盐生草(45.26 g)>虫实(30.31 g)>雾冰藜(12.74 g),且每种植物构件生物量干重均呈现果穗>枝条>叶>根的规律,一年生植物各构件中果穗的生物量配比最大,根的生物量配比最小;③单株含水率大小顺序为虫实(76.10%)>盐生草(72.20%)>沙米(70.89%)>雾冰藜(62.08%),每种植物的构件含水率差异大,构件的水分配比也存在大的差异,但每种植物均呈现出根的水分配比是最小的。沙区一年生植物生长在形态适应的同时,对其生境资源利用形式形成不同的生态对策,表现出不同的生理生态特征。In order to identify the individual morphology and component characteristics of annual plants in the sand area,the individual morphological characteristics and component characteristics of four typical annual plants were observed.The methods of sample survey,indoor measurement and statistical analysis were used.The four typical annual plants of Agriophyllum squarrosum,Corispermum patelliforme,Halogeton arachnoideus and Bassia dasyphylla were naturally distributed in Minqin sandy area.The following results are got from the research.Agriophyllum squarrosum has the largest plant height and crown width,follow by Halogeton arachnoideus and Bassia dasyphylla,Corispermum patelliforme is the smallest,the coefficient of variation is greater than 20%,and the individual size of plants varies greatly.The order of dry weight of individual biomass of 4 plants is Agriophyllum squarrosum(98.24 g)>Halogeton arachnoideus(45.26 g)>Corispermum patelliforme(30.31 g)>Bassia dasyphylla(12.74 g),and the dry weight of biomass of each plant component show the pattern of ear>shoot>leaf>root,among the components of annual plants,the biomass ratio of ear is the largest,and that of root is the smallest.The order of water content per plant is Corispermum patelliforme(76.10%)>Halogeton arachnoideus(72.20%)>Agriophyllum squarrosum(70.89%)>Bassia dasyphylla(62.08%).There is a large difference in the moisture content of the components of each plant,and a large difference in the water distribution ratio of the components,but each plant show that the water distribution ratio of root is the smallest.The annual plants in sandy areas have different ecological strategies for their habitat resource utilization forms to adapt to their morphological characteristics,showing different physiological and ecological characteristics.

关 键 词：一年生植物 形态特征 构件生物量 构件水分配比 民勤沙区 

分 类 号：Q945.3[生物学—植物学]