适应与抵制:越南为应对气候变化采取的措施  

Adaptation & Resistance: Vietnamese Context-Specific Responses to Climate Change

作　　者：  周尤美(译) Bruno De Meulder;Kelly Shannon;ZHOU Youmei(Department of Architecture,Faculty of Engineering Science of KU Leuven;College of Architecture and Urban Planning(CAUP),Tongji University;Landscape Space Sub-experimental Center of the Joint Laboratory of International Cooperation on Eco-urban Design of the Ministry of Education)

机构地区：[1]鲁汶大学工程科学学院建筑系 [2]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 [3]教育部生态化城市设计国际合作联合实验室景观空间分实验中心

出　　处：《风景园林》2020年第12期38-52,共15页Landscape Architecture

摘　　要：首先,以当前应对气候变化的措施发展的批判性立场为切入点,提出一种对于世界范围的景观越来越适用、近乎通用的"工具箱"假设。它提出了一种逻辑上的反思并开拓了具有在相似内容中反复提炼出来的一系列地理与社会文化原则的设计方案。它否认空间的普遍性意义和逐渐增长的对于效能评估标准的依赖,反而强调文化适用性与地理特殊性的影响力。为证明这些假设,以近年来作者和他人协同越南合作伙伴设计的越南当地项目为重点。最终,针对气候变化制定六大主题。这些主题将细致分析周围景观的场域特定和自然逻辑作为基础,而这一逻辑又与其生态基础以及社会和文化密不可分。提出的一系列策略有助于缩小经济与生态、文化与自然、城市主义与景观之间的分歧,同时适应气候变化带来的新挑战,并抵制同质化的应对措施。The article begins with a critical stance towards the contemporary development of responses towards climate change. It makes the hypothesis that a near-generic toolkit is rendering landscapes worldwide as more and more generic. It suggests a reversal of logics and develops design scenarios with geographic as well as socio-cultural specificity from which principles can be distilled and reiterated in similar contexts. It denies a universality of space and the growing reliance on performance criteria, but instead underscores the power of cultural appropriations and geographic specificities. In order to illustrate the hypothesis, the paper turns its focus to a series of recent projects in Vietnam, designed by the authors and others in collaboration with Vietnamese partners. Ultimately, six principles are developed in response to climate change. All the principles are anchored in a careful reading of the site-specific and innate logics of landscapes—inextricably tied to their ecological foundation and social and cultural formation. The proposed strategies work to bridge the divide between the dichotomies of economy and ecology, culture and nature and urbanism and landscape, while adapting to new challenges brought by climate change and resisting generic responses.

关 键 词：风景园林 农业生态区 水都市主义 沿海退耕还林 森林都市主义 流动性转移 当地材料 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]