火药辅助分断式开断器设计及其介质恢复特性研究  

Propellant-assisted Interrupter Design and Its Dielectric Recovery Characteristics

作　　者：周煜韬 庄劲武[1] 武瑾[1] 袁志方[1] 张超[1] 鄢玲 ZHOU Yutao;ZHUANG Jinwu;WU Jin;YUAN Zhifang;ZHANG Chao;YAN Ling(College of Electrical Engineering,Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan 430033,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学电气工程学院,湖北省武汉市430033

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2020年第23期7824-7832,共9页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51607184)。

摘　　要：现有熔断器中的高速开断器通常采用炸药爆轰产生的冲击波来进行爆破驱动,炸药在实际应用中存在破坏力强、噪声大、价格昂贵等缺陷,且炸药型开断器结构设计复杂、体积大、质量重。该文针对炸药型开断器存在的问题,设计采用燃烧做功的火药辅助分断配合橡胶过盈柔性灭弧室的新型开断器方案。进行新型开断器的火药做功过程的数学建模及求解,开展新型开断器的分断测速试验和介质恢复试验。试验表明,火药辅助分断式开断器刚分时间为144μs,开断平均速度可达18.5m/s,且通过加装橡胶过盈柔性灭弧室,开断器电弧在运动栅片与灭弧室内的橡胶垫片挤压能迅速建立82.4V的弧压,经过10μs完成电流峰值为10kA的换流,经过60μs的介质恢复时间,能够承受1821V过电压。该文所设计的火药辅助分断式开断器相对原炸药式开断器,体积约为其1/10,质量约为其1/40。同时,单发火药的售价约为炸药的1%,开断过程仅产生轻微的声响。该文提出的改进设计实现了结构简单、体积小巧、质量轻、噪声小、经济性好的设计要求。The high-speed interrupter in the existing fuse is usually driven by shock wave generated by explosive detonation. There are some defects in the practical application of explosive, such as strong destructive power, high noise and high price, and the design of explosive-type breaker is complicated, bulky and heavy. Aiming at solving the defects of explosive type interrupter, this paper designed a new type of interrupter scheme, which combines propellant-assisted interrupter(PAI) with rubber interference flexible arc extinguishing chamber(RIFAEC). Mathematical modeling and solving of the powder working process of a new type of interrupter, breaking velocity measurement test and dielectric recovery test of a new type of interrupter were carried out. Experiments show that the breaking time of PAI is 144μs, and the average breaking speed can reach 18.5 m/s. By adding RIFAEC, the arc voltage of the interrupter can be rapidly established at 82.4 V by extruding the arc between the moving sheet and the rubber gasket in the arc extinguishing chamber. After 10?s, the current peak value of 10 kA is transferred. After 60μs’ dielectric recovery time, the interrupter can withstand overvoltage of 1821 V. Compared with the original explosive interrupter, the designed PAI has a volume of about one tenth and a mass of about one fortieth. At the same time, the price of a single propellant is about 1% of that of the explosive, and the interruption process produces slight noise. The design meets the design requirements of simple structure, compact size, light weight, low noise and good economy.

关 键 词：火药辅助分断 开断器 橡胶过盈柔性灭弧室 介质恢复 

分 类 号：TM471[电气工程—电器] TM77