沉水植物对生猪养殖场沼液废水的净化效果研究  

Purification Effect of Submerged Macrophytes on Biogas Slurry Wastewater from Pig Farm

作　　者：吴晓梅[1,2] 叶美锋 吴飞龙[1] 徐庆贤[1] 林代炎[1] WU Xiao-mei;YE Mei-feng;WU Fei-long;XU Qing-xian;LIN Dai-ya(Aricultural-Engineering Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China;College of Material Engineering, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350003,China.)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所,福州350003 [2]福建农林大学材料工程学院,福州350002

出　　处：《中国沼气》2020年第6期44-49,共6页China Biogas

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项优势领域重点项目(2019R1023-8)。

摘　　要：为了研究沉水植物对沼液废水的净化效果,试验选取金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)和狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)2种沉水植物为研究对象,在室内静水条件下对猪场沼液的净化能力进行比较,以植物生长特性与水质污染物去除率为考察指标。结果表明:沉水植物试验前后生物量都有所增加,狐尾藻净增生物量是金鱼藻的2.5倍;金鱼藻和狐尾藻试验后全氮、全磷和全钾含量变化范围为:1.58%~5.11%,1.83%~1.97%和1.21%~3.05%,狐尾藻的全氮、全磷和全钾含量高于金鱼藻;金鱼藻和狐尾藻对COD、总磷、总氮、氨氮、硝态氮的去除率相比空白组差距不大,狐尾藻总体去除效果略高于空白组和金鱼藻;沉水植物对沼液中重金属As,Cd,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,Pb具有一定富集能力,其中对Cu和Zn的富集量最大,狐尾藻对Cu,Zn的富集量分别为17.96 mg·kg-1,382.86 mg·kg-1皆高于金鱼藻对Cu,Zn的富集量:8.56 mg·kg-1与29.99 mg·kg-1。狐尾藻对磺胺类抗生素(SAs)的去除率为80.35%高于金鱼藻的49.56%。狐尾藻生物量大且对沼液中氮磷资源回收、重金属和抗生素的富集能力优于金鱼藻,因此在实际应用中可选狐尾藻作为沼液生态处理的优势物种。In order to study the purification effect of submerged macrophytes on biogas slurry wastewater,two species of submerged plants,Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum,were selected as research objects,their purification ability on biogas slurry from pig farm were compared under the laboratory condition of still water.The plant growth characteristics and the removal rate of pollutants were taken as the indexes.The results indicated that the biomass of submerged macrophytes increased before and after the test,and the net accumulated biomass of Myriophyllum spicatum was 2.5 times that of Ceratophyllum demersum;The contents of N,P and K in submerged macrophytes were 1.58%~5.11%,1.83%~1.97%and 1.21%~3.05%,respectively,and the N,P and K contents of Myriophyllum spicatum were higher than Ceratophyllum demersum.Compared with the blank group,the removal rate of CODCr,TP,TN,NH+4-N and NO-3-N by Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum spicatum were not very large,and the removal effect of Myriophyllum spicatum was slightly higher than that of the blank group and Ceratophyllum demersum.Submerged plants had certain ability to remove heavy metals such As,Cd,Zn,Cu,Ni,Cr,and Pb from biogas slurry,among which Cu and Zn had higher removal.The concentrations of Cu and Zn in Myriophyllum spicatum were 17.96 mg·kg-1 and 382.86 mg·kg-1,respectively,which were higher than those in Ceratophyllum demersum that were 8.56 mg·kg-1 and 29.99 mg·kg-1.The removal rate of sulfanilamide antibiotics(SAS)by Myriophyllum spicatum was 80.35%,which was higher than Ceratophyllum demersum(49.56%).The biomass of Myriophyllum spicatum was larger and had better ability to recover nitrogen and phosphorus,and enrich higher heavy metals and antibiotics than that of Ceratophyllum demersum.So,in practical application,Myriophyllum spicatum could be selected for biogas slurry ecological treatment.

关 键 词：沉水植物 沼液 氨氮 重金属 磺胺 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X52[农业科学—农业工程]