欧美国家“外籍战士”的数量差异:分析框架与案例研究  

Quantitative Differences of “Foreign Fighters” from the Occident: An Analytical Framework and Case Studies

作　　者：翟化胜 周明[2,3] ZHAI Huasheng;ZHOU Ming

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学全球化与全球问题研究所,北京100088 [2]兰州大学中亚研究所,兰州730000 [3]兰州大学政治与国际关系学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《公安学研究》2020年第5期97-122,124,共27页Journal of Public Security Science

摘　　要：在"伊斯兰国"等恐怖组织的蛊惑下,"外籍战士"的流动呈现出全球化的特点。欧美国家也无法置身事外,"生产"了大量的"外籍战士"进入伊叙地区进行"圣战",但是不同的欧美国家在"输出""外籍战士"数量上存在明显差异。究其原因,移民融入程度和边界管控能力是影响一国"外籍战士"数量多寡的核心因素。比利时的移民融入程度较低且边界管控能力较弱,因而"输出"了较多的"外籍战士";意大利的移民融入程度较低,但凭借强大的边界管控能力,依旧有效地控制了"外籍战士"的"输出"数量;相对而言,美国的移民融入程度和边界管控能力均呈现较高水准,因此"输出"的"外籍战士"相对较少。为防止恐怖主义尤其是"外籍战士"的出走,欧美国家应提升少数族裔经济地位,避免对其进行差别对待,强化其对社会的认同感,进而提升其融入程度;与此同时,运用法律手段、强化情报与执法部门的配合以增强本国的边界管控能力,是防止恐怖分子尤其是"外籍战士"出走的重要保障。Incited by terrorist organizations such as "Islamic state","foreign fighters"show a global flow. A large number of "foreign fighters"from the Occident have infiltrated the Iraqi-Syrian region for"jihad",but there is an obvious difference in terms of number. This can be explained from the perspectives of immigrant integration and border control. More "foreign fighters"come from Belgium since it has a relatively low level of immigrant integration and weak border control. A limited number of "foreign fighters"are from Italy in that the degree of immigrant integration is low but border control is strong there. Relatively few "foreign fighters"come from the United States due to the fact that it has a relatively high level of immigrant integration and strong border control. In order to prevent"foreign fighters"from engaging in terrorism,the Occident should improve the economic status of ethnic minorities,avoid discriminatory treatment,and increase their sense of social identity and their integration. Border control should be strengthened by legal means and cooperation between intelligence and law enforcement agencies to stop "foreign fighters’ " involvement in terrorism.

关 键 词：“伊斯兰国” “外籍战士” 欧美国家 移民融入程度 边界管控能力 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]