重大突发事件的系统治理与法治  

Systematic Governance and Rule of Law for Major Emergencies

作　　者：宾凯[1] Bin Kai(Kaiyuan Law School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学凯原法学院

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2020年第6期34-49,共16页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：紧急治理的自由主义模式基于"国家与社会"的二元区分甚至二元对立,而紧急治理的系统论模式则认为应该把国家和社会看成是社会诸系统之间相互支持的信任关系。常态时期培育起来的社会信任和国家能力,是非常时期紧急权行使的正当性担保。当非常时期来临,紧急权行使可以被划分为两个空间:"例行化空间"与"决断空间"。对于落在例行化空间的紧急措施,应该依照事先制定的紧急法加以规范。对于落在决断空间的紧急决策,紧急权主体做出紧急决断和执行紧急措施的内容,则应基于常态时期培育的社会信任,让国家机关充分发挥自由裁量权。此时,法律应该保持最大程度的克制和谦抑,为紧急决断预留充足的"开放结构"。The liberal model of emergency governance is based on the binary distinction or even binary opposition of" state and society", and the system theory model of emergency governance is different from it, believing that the state and society should be regarded as the mutual support and trust relationship between social systems. The social trust and national capacity cultivated in normal period are the legitimate guarantee for the exercise of emergency power in emergency period. When emergency comes, the exercise of emergency power can be divided into two spaces: the" routine space" and the" decision-making space". Emergency measures falling into routine space should be regulated in accordance with the emergency law that has been established in advance. For emergency decisions in the decision-making space, the subject of emergency power should make emergency decisions and implement emergency measures based on the social trust cultivated in the normal period, so that the state organs can give full play to their discretion. At this point, the law should maintain maximum restraint and modesty, reserving sufficient" open texture" for emergency decisions.

关 键 词：国家治理 紧急权 社会系统论 功能分化 应急性原则 

分 类 号：D90-052[政治法律—法学理论]