从议会选举到政治变局——吉尔吉斯斯坦西式民主的危机  

From Parliamentary Election to Political Changes:The Crisis of Western-style Democracy in Kyrgyzstan

作　　者：王林兵[1] 雷琳[1,2] Wang Linbing;Lei Lin

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学马克思主义学院 [2]中国国家博物馆培训部

出　　处：《俄罗斯研究》2020年第6期165-200,共36页Russian Studies

基　　金：教育部国别和区域研究指向性课题“吉尔吉斯斯坦政党政治研究”;新疆维吾尔自治区普通高校人文社科重点研究基地中亚与中国西北边疆政治经济研究中心招标课题“议会制政体下吉尔吉斯斯坦政党政治研究”(项目批准号:XJEDU040316C03)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：2020年10月4日,吉尔吉斯斯坦如期举行了议会制时代以来的第三次议会选举。在疫情与选情的交叠冲击下,败选的反对派政党挑起了一场以选举不公为口实、以疫情下部分选民为力量、以夺取政权为目标的街头政治,最终推翻了热恩别科夫政权。这次政治变局,缘由两任总统之间权力斗争的激化,其在瓦解了吉尔吉斯斯坦过去十年民主政治建设所取得的积极成果的同时,也将改变各政治派系的行为模式。反对派政党或将更多地以暴力夺权的方式进行政治抗争。新上台的政治精英极力推进宪法改革,也很有可能将吉尔吉斯斯坦政治体制推回到总统制的框架下。这次政治变局,清楚地表明西方民主制度在吉尔吉斯斯坦的政治发展中再度遭遇挫折,也预示着仅靠变更政治体制无法解决吉国的政局不稳问题。As scheduled,on October 4,2020,Kyrgyzstan held its third parliamentary election since its parliamentary system was established.Under overlapping impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic and parliamentary election,the defeated opposition parties provoked street politics with excuses for unfair election,supported by some voters and aiming to seize power,which finally overthrew the government of Sooronbai Jeenbekov.This political change is caused by the intensification of power struggle between Almazbek Atambayev and Sooronbai Jeenbekov.It will not only disrupt achievements of Kyrgyzstan’s democratic political construction in the past decade,but also change behavior patterns of various political factions.The opposition parties might prefer to fight for power through violence.The constitutional reform,promoted by new ruling elites,is likely to push Kyrgyzstan’s political regime back to the framework of presidential system.This political change clearly indicates that the western democratic system has encountered setbacks again during the political development of Kyrgyzstan.Meanwhile,it also suggests that the political instability of Kyrgyzstan cannot be solved only by changing the political system.

关 键 词：吉尔吉斯斯坦议会选举 吉尔吉斯斯坦政治变局 西式民主制度 

分 类 号：D736[政治法律—政治学]