施磷对东北黑土区春玉米产量、磷素吸收利用及土壤磷素平衡的影响  

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Application on Yield, Phosphorus Absorption and Utilization, Soil Phosphorus Balance of Spring Maize in Black Soil Region of Northeast China

作　　者：张磊[1] 都钧 孔丽丽[1] 尹彩侠[1] 赵胤凯 侯云鹏[1] 李前[1] 李素琴[1] ZHANG Lei;DU Jun;KONG Lili;YIN Caixia;ZHAO Yinkai;HOU Yunpeng;LI Qian;LI Suqin(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northeast Region,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China/Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033;Changchun Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130112,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室/吉林省农业科学院,长春130033 [2]长春市农业科学院,长春130112

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2020年第5期38-42,共5页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300604);农业部东北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室开放基金(KLPN201801-02)。

摘　　要：为明确东北黑土区春玉米合理施用磷肥问题,通过两年(2017~2018)田间定位试验,研究了不同磷肥用量(0、30、60、90、120、150 kg/hm^2)对籽粒产量、磷素吸收利用、土壤有效磷含量变化及磷素平衡的影响。结果表明,施磷显著提高了玉米产量,并在施磷量30~90 kg/hm^2范围内随施磷量的增加显著增加,当施磷量增加至120 kg/hm^2,玉米产量呈下降趋势。将玉米产量(y)与施磷量(x)拟合,计算出适宜施磷量分别为87 kg/hm^2和83 kg/hm^2。施磷显著提高了玉米各生育期磷积累量,其中灌浆期至成熟期磷积累量以P90处理最高。磷素吸收利用率和农学利用率随施磷量的增加先增后降,以P90处理最高;磷肥偏生产力随施磷量的增加呈下降趋势。与不施磷肥处理相比,随施磷量和施磷年限的增加,0~40cm土壤有效磷含量均呈增加趋势。连续种植两季玉米后,P0、P30和P60处理土壤磷素表观平衡值为亏缺状态,亏缺量随磷肥用量的增加而下降,P90处理磷素输入量与输出量基本保持平衡,而P130和P160处理的土壤磷素表现为盈余。综上所述,在本试验条件下,综合产量、磷素吸收利用、土壤有效磷含量变化及磷素平衡等因素,在东北黑土区适宜施磷量应控制在83~90 kg/hm^2之间。In order to clarify the problems of rational phosphorus fertilizer application of spring maize in the black soil region of Northeast China, the field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer rates(P0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 kg/ha) on grain yield, phosphorus absorption and utilization, soil available phosphorus content change and phosphorus balance. The results indicated that phosphorus application increased the maize yield significantly. The results showed that in the range of 30~90 kg/ha, the yield increased significantly with the increase of the phosphorus application amount, and when the phosphorus application amount increased to 120 kg/ha, the yield of maize showed a downward trend. The phosphorus absorption and agronomic utilization rate first increased and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus application amount, and P90 treatment was the highest. The partial productivity of phosphorus fertilizer decreased with the increase of phosphorus application. In summary, the optimum phosphorus application amount in the northeast black soil region should be controlled between83~90 kg/ha.

关 键 词：春玉米 产量 土壤有效磷含量 磷素平衡 磷肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]