松花江流域(哈尔滨段)景观格局粒度效应  

Spatial grain size effect on landscape pattern in Songhua River Basin(Harbin section)

作　　者：张利平[1] 曲建光[1] ZHANG liping;QU Jianguang(College of Surveying and Mapping Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江工程学院测绘工程学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150050

出　　处：《测绘工程》2021年第1期51-59,共9页Engineering of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：2019年度黑龙江省省属本科高校基本科研业务费科研项目-创新团队(2019CX02)。

摘　　要：文章以松花江流域(哈尔滨段)为研究对象,基于近20年3期遥感影像,从类型和景观两个水平选取多个景观格局指数,在30~600 m粒度范围内,分析景观指数随空间粒度的变化响应差异,综合指数-粒度拟合曲线拐点识别和栅格化信息损失评价方法,确定本研究区域景观格局分析的最适宜空间粒度。结果表明:①斑块数(NP)随粒度的增加呈三次多项式下降,有明显的拐点,随后变化较平稳。边缘密度(ED)、景观形状指数(LSI)、平均形状指数(SHAPE)和平均分维数(FRAC)随粒度的增加呈三次多项式下降,存在不明显的拐点。蔓延度(CONTAG)、聚合指数(AI)随粒度增加呈幂函数下降,且无明显拐点。景观丰度(PR)在30~600 m粒度范围内不受粒度大小影响。香农多样性(SHDI)、香农均匀度(SHEI)均呈小幅波动的复杂变化,无粒度效应。②斑块类型水平上:NP和斑块密度(PD)对粒度响应最敏感;平均斑块面积(AREA)对粒度响应高敏感;FRAC对粒度响应不敏感;SHAPE对粒度响应低敏感;ED,AI,LSI 3个指数受粒度的影响因景观不同而异,但主要处于低敏感、中敏感和高度敏感范围。③景观水平上:ED和LSI在1995年对粒度响应的敏感性为高敏感,2005年和2015年都为中等敏感;NP和PD对粒度响应最敏感;AREA对粒度响应高度敏感;LPI对粒度响应中等敏感;SHAPE,CONTAG和AI对粒度响应低敏感;FRAC,SHDI和SHEI对粒度响应不敏感。In this paper,the Songhua River Basin(Harbin Section)was taken as the research area.Based on three remote sensing images in recent 20 years,landscape pattern metrics were chosen at the levels of class and landscape,and the effects of grain sizes in the range of 30~600 m on landscape metrics were analyzed.The use of the methods of inflection point recognition of metric-grain fitting curve and evaluation of rasterization information loss determined the optimum grain size for landscape pattern analysis in this study area.The result shows that:a)NP decreased with the increasing of grain size in a cubic polynomial form,with an obvious inflection point,and then changed more smoothly.ED,LSI,SHAPE and FRA decreased in cubic polynomial with the increasing of grain size,and there was no obvious inflection point.CONTAG and AI decreased in power function with the increasing of grain size,and there was no obvious inflection point.PR was not affected by grain size in the range of 30~600 m.SHEI and SHDI showed complex changes with small fluctuations and no grain size effect;b)Patch type level:NP and PD were most sensitive to grain size change;AREA was highly sensitive to grain size change;FRAC was not sensitive to grain size change;SHAPE was low sensitive to grain size change;ED,AI,LSI were affected by grain size varies with landscape,but mainly in low,medium and high sensitive range.Landscape level:ED and LSI were highly sensitive to grain size change in 1995,and were moderately sensitive in 2005 and 2015;NP and PD were most sensitive to grain size change;AREA was highly sensitive to grain size change;LPI was moderately sensitive to grain size change;SHAPE,CONTAG and AI were low sensitive to grain size change;FRAC,SHDI and SHEI were not sensitive to grain size change;c)The suitable analysis grain size of landscape pattern in the study area was 150 m.

关 键 词：松花江流域(哈尔滨段) 景观格局 尺度效应 粒度 函数拟合 

分 类 号：P228[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]