胶州湾大型底栖动物群落结构季节变化及其与环境因子的关系  

Seasonal variation in macrozoobenthos community structure and its relation to environmental factors in Jiaozhou Bay

作　　者：全秋梅 肖雅元[1,3] 徐姗楠 符芳菲[1] 李纯厚 刘永 QUAN Qiu-mei;XIAO Ya-yuan;XU Shan-nan;FU Fang-fei;LI Chun-hou;LIU Yong(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Re-sources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Guangdong Province,South China Sea Fisheries Research In-stitute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Scientific Observation and Research Field Station of Pearl River Estuary Ecosystem,Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]广东珠江口生态系统野外科学观测研究站,广州510300

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第12期4110-4120,共11页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB452904);广东省科技计划项目(2019B121201001);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目(2020TD16)。

摘　　要：根据2016—2017年4个航次的调查资料,分析了胶州湾海域大型底栖动物物种组成、栖息密度和生物量等群落结构特征,并研究了生物多样性指数的季节变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:共采集大型底栖动物117种,环节动物(56种)、节肢动物(31种)、软体动物(14种)、棘皮动物(6种)和脊索动物(6种)为主要类群,其他类群共4种;冬季大型底栖动物种类数最多,为66种,春季(47种)与秋季(44种)种类数相当,夏季仅有30种;总栖息密度呈现冬季>春季>秋季>夏季的变化趋势,生物量则呈现春季>冬季>秋季>夏季的变化趋势;群落优势种以丝异须虫(Heteromastus filiformis)的贡献率较高,且为春、秋和冬季共同优势种;Spearman相关性分析表明,Shannon指数和Margalef丰富度指数均与温度和无机氮呈显著负相关(P<0.05),而Pielou均匀度指数与环境因子相关性均不显著(P>0.05);基于栖息密度进行典范对应分析(CCA)的结果显示,温度、有机质和中值粒径是影响大型底栖动物分布特征的主要因子,根据大型底栖动物对生态环境的需求可知大部分物种分布在低温、低营养物质和粒径较小的浅水区域。Four voyage investigations were conducted in the Jiaozhou Bay from 2016 to 2017 to study community structure(species composition,density,and biomass)of macrozoobenthos,seasonal variation of diversity index and its relationship with environmental factors.A total of 117 species were collected,of which 56 species were annelins,31 arthropods,14 molluscs,6 echinoderms,6 chordata,and 4 other groups.There were 66 macrozoobenthos species in the winter investigation,compared to 47,44,and 30 species in the spring,autumn,and summer,respectively.The total density of macrozoobenthos was the greatest in the winter followed by spring,autumn,and then summer.Total biomass was the greatest in the spring followed by in the winter,autumn,and summer.Heteromastus filiformis was the dominant species in the spring,autumn,and winter.Shannon index and Margalef richness index were significantly negatively correlated with temperature and inorganic nitrogen levels(P<0.05),while Pielou evenness index was not significantly correlated with any environmental factors(P>0.05).The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA)based on population density showed that temperature,organic matter,and median organism size were the main factors affecting the distribution of macrozoobenthos.According to the environmental requirements of macrobenthos,most species distributed in low temperature,low nutrient content and shallow water area with small grain size.

关 键 词：胶州湾 大型底栖动物 群落结构 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]