甘肃庄浪圈养马麝的社群性及其影响因素  

Sociability and influencing factors in captive alpine musk deer at Zhuanglang,Gansu Province of China

作　　者：褚梦真 曾凡刚[1] 邓益娟 王静[1] 黎勇 周密 汉尚春 白守林 盛岩[1] 孟秀祥[1] CHU Meng-zhen;ZENG Fan-gang;DENG Yi-juan;WANG Jing;LI Yong;ZHOU Mi;HAN Shang-chun;BAI Shou-lin;SHENG Yan;MENG Xiu-xiang(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China;Sichuan Fengchun Musk Deer Technology Group Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872 [2]四川逢春麝业集团有限公司,成都610031

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2020年第12期4172-4177,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170364,31672300)资助。

摘　　要：社群性是动物的最基本个性之一,可表征动物个体间的亲和度及独居性差异。2019年9月16日—10月15日和12月4日—26日期间,采用焦点取样和特定行为记录法,对甘肃庄浪麝场92头圈养马麝进行了行为取样,计算了马麝的社群性水平,并分析了其社群性与性别、年龄、圈群密度和繁殖季节的关系。结果表明,马麝社群性与年龄显著相关(r=0.223,P=0.033),成体麝的社群性(16.39%±2.65%,n=83)显著高于亚成体麝(2.78%±1.42%,n=9)(P=0.033);高密度群的马麝个体社群性(18.85%±2.95%,n=72)显著高于低密度麝群个体(1.41%±0.66%,n=20)(P<0.01);马麝在非交配季节(19.63%±11.30%,n=7)和交配季节(17.79%±7.64%,n=7)间的社群性无显著差异(P=0.917),雌麝社群性(15.88%±3.52%,n=39)与雄麝(13.94%±3.20%,n=53)差异不显著(P=0.556)。建议麝类驯养中采用群居驯养,适当增加圈群密度以提高圈养马麝的社群性和驯化度,并选择社群性较高的马麝进行品系培育。Sociability is one of the most basic personality of animals,which could represent the variances of affinity and solitary among individuals.This study was conducted from September16 th to October 15 th and December 4 th to December 26 th in 2019 at Zhuanglang musk deer farm in Gansu Province.We recorded behaviors of 92 captive alpine musk deer using integrated methods of focal sampling and particular behavior recording.Individuals’sociability was quantified by measuring the expression of affinitive behaviors.The influences of gender,age,density and season on sociability were analyzed.The results showed that the sociability of captive alpine musk deer was relatively low(15.06%±2.43%,n=92).Individuals’sociability was significantly correlated with age(r=0.223,P=0.033).The sociability of adults(16.39%±2.65%,n=83)was significantly higher than that of the sub-adults(2.78%±1.42%,n=9)(P=0.033).Individuals in high density enclosures(18.85%±2.95%,n=72)were significantly more sociable than those in low density enclosures(1.41%±0.66%,n=20)(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in individuals’sociability between non-mating season(19.63%±11.30%,n=7)and mating season(17.79%±7.64%,n=7)(P=0.917).The female musk deer(15.88%±3.52%,n=39)was not more sociable than the males(13.94%±3.20%,n=53)(P=0.556).It is suggested that alpine musk deer should be farmed in sociable group with reasonable density to improve the individual’s sociability and domestication,and that individuals with higher sociability can be selected for strain breeding.

关 键 词：马麝(Moschus chrysogaster) 个性 年龄 圈舍密度 

分 类 号：S865.41[农业科学—野生动物驯养]