欧洲近代早期战争权学说中的商业理由--从维多利亚到格劳秀斯  

Commercial Reasons in the Theory of Right to War in Early Modern Europe--From Vitoria to Grotius

作　　者：王博[1] WANG Bo

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,北京100872

出　　处：《学术月刊》2020年第12期97-111,共15页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：在学理上,战争法一般分为战争权法与战时法两部分,战争理由构成了战争权学说的基本问题,赋予战争权以规范性内涵。战争的基本理由源自对“正义”的古老诉求,然而,战争正义性的实现形式和政治意义在近代早期欧洲发生了根本变迁,资本主义的快速发展和商业集团的强势崛起在其中发挥着举足轻重的作用,这在以维多利亚和格劳秀斯等为代表的思想家笔下得到过系统而清晰的表达。商业并不像后世的启蒙思想家描述的那样具有温和而无害的伟力,无论是古老的万民法还是新式的自然法,都成为以商业理由驱动战争的中介力量。In theory,law of war is generally divided into two parts:right to war(ius ad bellum)and law of war(ius in bello).The reason for war constitutes the basic problem of the theory of right to war,which endows the right to war with normalization.The basic reason of war originates from the ancient appeal for“justice”.However,the ways of realization and political significance of justice of war have undergone fundamental changes in early modern Europe.The rapid development of capitalism and the strong rise of commercial groups play an important role in this process,which has been expressed systematically and clearly by thinkers such as Vitoria and Grotius.Commerce is not so gentle and harmless as the later enlightener described.Both the ancient law of nations(ius gentium)and the new natural law have become the intermediary force driving the war with commercial reasons.

关 键 词：战争法 战争权 商业理由 维多利亚 格劳秀斯 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]