公交可达性评估的拟合分布函数对比  

Comparison of Distribution Functions for Public Transportation Accessibility

作　　者：姚志刚[1] 杨杰[1] 张晨光 Yao Zhi-gang;Yang Jie;Zhang Chen-guang(College of Transportation Engineering,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710064,China;School of Economics and Management,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710064,China;College of Transportation Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学运输工程学院,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064 [3]同济大学交通运输工程学院,上海200092

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2020年第6期11-19,共9页Transport Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71801020);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2016D014)。

摘　　要：为精确表述公共交通资源的分布特征,进而准确衡量公共交通服务的公平性,以公交可达性作为公共交通资源度量指标,考虑可达性数据统计特性,选取对数正态(Logarithmic Normal,Lognormal)、对数Logistic(Fisk)、伽玛(Gamma)、韦伯(Weibull)、Singh-Maddala(SM)、Dagum、第二类Beta(Beta of the Second Kind, B2)和广义第二类Beta(Generalized Beta of the Second Kind,GB2)8种分布函数对公交可达性数据进行拟合,并检验各分布函数的拟合效果,从而寻找对公交可达性数据拟合效果最佳的分布函数。计算结果显示,各分布函数拟合效果从优至劣排序为:GB2> B2> Dagum>SM>Fisk>Lognormal>Weibull>Gamma,即四参数分布函数的拟合效果优于三参数分布函数,三参数分布函数的拟合效果优于两参数分布函数。研究表明:四参数GB2分布函数对公交可达性数据的拟合效果最佳,可更准确地体现出公共交通资源的分配情况。In order to accurately express the distribution characteristics of public transportation resources,and then accurately measure the equity of public transportation services,the accessibility of public transportation was taken as the index to measure public transportation resources,and the statistical characteristics of accessibility data were considered.Eight distribution functions which were Logarithmic Normal(Lognormal),Fisk,Gamma,Weibull,Singh-Maddala(SM),Dagum,Beta of the Second Kind(B2)and Generalized Beta of the Second Kind(GB2)were selected to fit the data of public transportation accessibility.The fitting effect of each distribution function was tested to find the distribution function with the best fitting effect of public transportation accessibility data.The results show that the fitting effect of each distribution function is ranked as follows:GB2>B2>Dagum>SM>Fisk>Lognormal>Weibull>Gamma,which means the fitting effect of four-parameter distribution function is better than that of three-parameter distribution function,and the fitting effect of three-parameter distribution function is better than that of two-parameter distribution function.The research shows that the four-parameter GB2 distribution function has the best fitting effect on public transportation accessibility,and it could reflect the allocation of public transportation resources more accurately.

关 键 词：公共交通 分布函数 可达性 公平性 拟合优度 广义第二类Beta分布(GB2) 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]