政治机会结构视域下台湾反核运动的逻辑与借鉴  

The Logic and Lessons from Anti-nuclear Movements in Taiwan from the Perspective of Political Opportunity Structure

作　　者：李小军[1] LI Xiao-jun(Public Administration School of Guangzhou University University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院,广东广州510006

出　　处：《华北电力大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第6期16-24,共9页Journal of North China Electric Power University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“全球‘反核能运动’对我国核电开发的影响及其应对策略研究”(15BGJ060)。

摘　　要：台湾反核运动并非核灾难单纯冲击的结果,借助政治机会结构理论分析工具,廓清台湾反核运动的多维发生逻辑,对大陆地区反核邻避治理具有重要的借鉴价值。台湾从威权体制转向民主体制,转型过程中封闭和开放因素混杂的体制较易发生社会抗争,这为反核运动提供了生存和发展空间。台湾反核团体与早期从事反体制的民进党相互借重,在体制外建立不稳定的反核精英联盟。民进党执政后,反核精英联盟产生裂隙,反核团体主动疏离民进党,民进党丧失对反核运动的主导权,拥有强大环保色彩的妈祖崇拜渐次成为反核运动的重要政治盟友。国际核事故的爆发,对台湾反核运动提供了“散漫政治机会”。政府既要及时回应反核民众的合理化诉求,也要将反核议题严格限定于邻避话语框架,防止宗教因素或国际非政府组织的非法渗入,警惕反核诉求“政治化”的风险。通过强化核安全文化建设和开展核宣教活动,构建反核抗议与核开发之间的共存机制,防止短期“民意逻辑”裹挟“政治决策逻辑”,确保国家核电政策的稳定性和连续性。The anti-nuclear movement in Taiwan is not the result of the simple impact of the nuclear disaster.The Multi-dimensional Generation logic of the Anti-nuclear Movement in Taiwan is clarified by means of the Analysis of the Political Opportunity Structure Theory,which has important reference value for the anti-nuclear Governance on Not-in-My-Backyard in the mainland.In the process of Taiwan's transition from authoritarian system to democratic system,the closed and open system is prone to social protests,which provides a space for the anti-nuclear movement to survive and develop.Taiwan's anti-nuclear groups and the early anti-system democratic progressive party(DPP)have built an unstable anti-nuclear elite alliance outside the system.After the democratic progressive party(DPP)came into power,the anti-nuclear elite alliance was fractured,and the anti-nuclear groups actively alienated the DPP.The DPP lost its dominant power over the anti-nuclear movement,and the Mazu worship with strong environmental protection color gradually became an important political ally of the anti-nuclear movement.The outbreak of the international nuclear accident has provided a"loose political opportunity"for the anti-nuclear movement in Taiwan.The government should not only respond to the reasonable demands of the anti-nuclear people in a timely manner,but also strictly limit the anti-nuclear issues to the discourse framework of nimby,prevent religious factors or illegal infiltration of international non-governmental organizations,and guard against the risk of"politicizing"the anti-nuclear demands.By strengthening the construction of nuclear safety culture and carrying out nuclear propaganda and education activities,the coexistence mechanism between anti-nuclear protest and nuclear development is constructed to prevent the short-term"logic of public opinion"from influencing the“logic of political decision”,so as to ensure the stability and continuity of the national nuclear power policy.

关 键 词：政治机会结构 核电风险 台湾反核运动 发生逻辑 

分 类 号：D675.8[政治法律—政治学]