烟雾暴露大鼠肺血管形态与压力变化的实验研究  

Experimental study of pathological and ultrastructural changes in pulmonary vessels in rat by smoke exposure

作　　者：邢爱萍 胡晓芸[2] 武晓兰 Xing Aiping;Hu Xiaoyun;Wu Xiaolan(Department of General Practice,the Second Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,the First Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China;Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,Taiyuan Central Hospital,Taiyuan 030002,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学第二医院全科医学科,太原030001 [2]山西医科大学第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科,太原030001 [3]太原市中心医院呼吸与危重症医学科,太原030002

出　　处：《国际呼吸杂志》2020年第23期1806-1810,共5页International Journal of Respiration

摘　　要：目的:观察烟雾暴露大鼠肺小动脉病理形态学变化、超微结构改变及右心室收缩压变化。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照(C)组、烟雾暴露1个月(S1m)组、烟雾暴露2个月(S2m)组、烟雾暴露3个月(S3m)组,检测各组大鼠动脉血氧分压(PaO 2)、平均右心室收缩压(mRVSP),透射电镜观察肺小动脉的超微结构,HE染色观察肺动脉组织学改变并测量肺小动脉管壁面积/管总面积(WA%),免疫组织化学染色法观察肺动脉平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达。结果:(1)C组、S1m、S2m及S3m组PaO 2值分别为(96.2±4.3)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)、(92.1±5.2)mmHg、(90.5±4.1)mmHg及(89.6±4.8)mmHg,各组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。(2)S3m组mRVSP值为(65.63±5.6)mmHg与C组[(14.07±4.18)mmHg]及S1m组[(16.85±1.26)mmHg]比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。(3)肺小动脉超微结构观察:C组内皮细胞形态正常,胞外未见胶原纤维增生,平滑肌细胞未见增生。S1m组肺小动脉内皮细胞形状不规则,内膜增厚,细胞内可见线粒体肿胀,平滑肌细胞轻度增生。S2m组内弹力膜厚薄不均,平滑肌走向不规则,胶原纤维增生。S3m组肺小动脉结构层次紊乱,内皮细胞变形严重,胶原纤维大量增生。(4)C组、S1m、S2m及S3m组WA%分别为(31.29±1.95)%、(42.68±2.24)%、(51.84±2.38)%、(62.11±1.39)%,烟雾暴露各组与C组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。(5)C组、S1m、S2m及S3m组肺动脉α-SMA表达量分别为(37.5±7.5)、(52.6±14.3)、(72.2±13.6)、(98.1±15.6),烟雾暴露各组与C组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。(6)WA%与α-SMA呈正相关(r=0.703,P<0.05)。结论:烟雾暴露可使肺血管形态发生明显改变,肺小动脉超微结构异常,导致肺血管重塑,肺血流阻力增加,右心室收缩压升高。Objective:To observe pathological and ultrastructure changes in pulmonary vessels and right ventricular systolic pressure in rat by smoke exposure.Methods:A total of fourty male SD rats were randomly assigned into control group and smoke exposure group and the latter was further divided into three time points of 1,2,3 months.Arterial oxygen partial pressure and right ventricular systolic pressure(RVSP)were observed.Ultrastructure of small pulmonary arteries was observed by transmission electron microscope.Pulmonary arteries pathological changes were observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin staining.The radio of pulmonary vessel wall′s area and pulmonary vessel′s area(WA%)were measured by image analysis system.Immunohistochemistry methods were used to determine alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)expression.Results:(1)Arterial oxygen partial pressure of four groups were respectively(96.2±4.3)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),(92.1±5.2)mmHg,(90.5±4.1)mmHg,(89.6±4.8)mmHg,there were no statistically difference between each group(all P>0.05).(2)The RVSP in group S3m(65.63±5.6)mmHg were significantly higher than those in group S1m(16.85±1.26)mmHg and group C(14.07±4.18)mmHg(all P<0.05).(3)Ultrastructure changes of intra-acinar pulmonary arteries:intimal layer in control group showed no increased so as endothelial cells and collagen fiber.Observation showed degeneration and distortion of endothelial cells and proliferation of smooth muscle cells in group in one-month smoke group,mitochondria in the endothelial cells could also be observed swelled.The internal elastic laminar was irregular,smooth muscle was observed irregular and fracture,collagen fibers increased in two-month smoke group.The organizational structure showed disordered in three-month smoke group,endothelial cells severely deformed.The muscularized arteries were observed,the hyperplasia of intermediate cells was present.Collagen fibers increased dramatically.(4)The pulmonary artery WA%of four groups(C,S1m,S2m,S3m)were(31.29±1.95)%,(42.68±2.24)%,(51.84±2.38)%,(62.11±

关 键 词：高血压 肺性 香烟烟雾 肺血管重塑 超微结构 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]