带有强允许的分级法律体系中的法律允许与法律权能  

Legal Permissibility and Legal Competences in Hierarchical Systems with Strong Permission

作　　者：  陈钰(译) Olivier Roy;Piotr Kulicki;Chen Yu(Department of Philosophy,University of Bayreuth,Bayreuth 95447,Germany;Faculty of Philosophy,John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin,Lublin 20950,Poland;不详)

机构地区：[1]拜罗伊特大学哲学系,拜罗伊特95447 [2]卢布林天主教大学哲学系,卢布林20950 [3]清华大学哲学系

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2020年第5期51-62,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目(17ZDA026);DFG-NCN研究资助项目PIOTR(DFG:RO 4548/4-1,NCN:UMO-2014/15/G/HS1/04514)。

摘　　要：冯·赖特区分了两种允许,即弱允许和强允许。弱允许就是不禁止,强允许则是独立于义务或禁止的明确声明。一些法学理论家认为在实际的法律文本和法律实践中不存在强允许,但其实它们可以以权利和自由的形式存在。研究分级法律体系中签发强允许如何改变体系内要素的法律地位时,可以使用行为偏好模型来描述静态的规范状态,并且用道义行动模型来描述规范状态的变化。这些形式工具可以在形式上对法律允许和法律权能做出区分。直观上讲,在分级体系的背景下,法律允许涉及的情况是较低等级的机构有权力签发新法规,但在签发新法规会受到惩罚的情况下则是不被允许的;法律权能涉及的是较低等级的机构没有这种权力的情况,这意味着它如果试图签发一项新法规,就不会生效。逻辑模型使法律允许和法律权能的假设更加明确且精确,并可以展示出这些假设的后果。G.H.von Wright distinguished two kinds of permission,naming them weak and strong.A weak permission is simply an absence of prohibition.A strong permission,in contrast,is an explicit statement independent of any obligation or prohibition.Unlike some legal theorists claiming that there are no strong permissions in the actual legal texts and legal practice,we believe that they can be found there in the form of rights and freedom.We try to study how strong permissions issued in hierarchical legal systems can change the legal status of the elements of the systems.We focus on the situations in which a conflict appears between authorities of different levels,e.g.in European legal system some lower level state regulations are not in accordance with the higher level EU law.What we want to discuss is the way in which such inconsistency can be modeled in terms of legal abilities and legal permissibility.The two notions imply two different interpretations of such complex legal situations.From the practical point of view,according to one of the interpretations,the lower level law is not binding whatsoever,and in the other one it is,but as the lower law was introduced against the more fundamental law,it should be changed,and the lower level authority(a member state)may be punished.We are interested in logical modeling of both the ability and the permissibility approach in hierarchical legal systems.A logical model can be useful mainly because it makes the assumptions of each approach explicit and precise,and may show hidden consequences of those assumptions.Thus,it can serve as a tool for legal theorists and designers of legal systems to help them understand the possible options of interpretation of the results of strong permissions issued in hierarchical systems.Moreover,logical models can be used when artificial intelligence tools are designed to analyze legal systems of the kind or to act within them.The logical model that we employ consists of two relatively modular parts:one to represent static duties and permissions,and

关 键 词：动态道义逻辑 强允许 行为偏好模型 道义行动模型 法律允许 法律权能 法律权力 分级法律体系 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]