新冠肺炎病例密切接触者的感染情况分析  

Analysis of the infection status of close contacts of patients with new coronary pneumonia

作　　者：张泽娜[1] 高玮[1] 路滟[1] 程聪[1] 李媛[1] 梅树江[1] ZHANG Ze-na;GAO Wei;LU Yan;CHENG Cong;LI Yuan;MEI Shu-jiang(Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2020年第24期4516-4518,4522,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析深圳市新冠肺炎(COVID-19)病例的密切接触者(简称密接者)感染情况,为科学防控提供参考依据。方法选取1月19日-2月9日期间深圳报告的230例新冠肺炎病例的1568名在深追踪的密接者为研究对象,采集其鼻咽拭子进行实时荧光定量PCR核酸检测,比较不同性别、不同年龄的密接者的核酸检测结果,了解密接者发病的时间分布情况。结果共筛查了1568名密接者的鼻咽拭子样本,总阳性数为114名,其总阳性率为7.3%;男性密接者的阳性率为5.3%低于女性密接者的阳性率9.1%;不同年龄段的密接者的阳性率分别为:≤20岁的阳性率为8.5%,21~40岁的密接者阳性率为5.3%,41~60岁密接者阳性率为7.5%,61岁及以上的密接率阳性率为12%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.1,P=0.011)。家庭密接者的阳性率为14.2%,朋友同事密接者总人数127人,阳性数仅为1人,其阳性率为0.7%,其他类型密接均无发病;77%核酸检测阳性的密接者发病的时间集中在医学观察期的前6.0天,其平均潜伏期约为4.7天。结论深圳1568名COVID-19病例的密接者中,家庭密接者感染风险最高,61岁及以上年龄段的老年人因其抵抗力较低最为易感。女性密接者的感染风险高于男性且感染的密接者发病的速度较快,主要集中在医学观察期的前期。因此,尽早追踪管理密接者可以有效地控制病毒传播,降低疫情扩散风险,有助于制定有针对性的预防和控制战略,为实现早发现、早预防、早治疗的举措提供保障。Objective To analyze the infection status of close contacts of Shenzhen New Crown Pneumonia(COVID-19)cases,provide reference for scientific prevention and control.Methods Selecting 1568 deep-tracing close contacts of 230 COVID-19 cases reported in Shenzhen from January 19 to February 9 as the research subjects,and their nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for real-time quantitative PCR nucleic acid detection,then to analyze the nucleic acid test results of different types of contacts,different genders,and different ages of close contacts,understands the time distribution of close contacts.Results1,568 nasopharyngeal swab samples from close contacts were screened.The total positive number was 114,with the positive rate of 7.3%.The male close contacts’positive rate was 5.3%,which was lower than that of females by 9.1%.Besides,the positive rates of close contacts at different ages(aged 20 and under,21 to 40 years old,between 41 and 60 years old,61 years and older)were respectively 8.5%,5.3%,7.5%,12%,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=11.1,P=0.011).Among them,the positive rate of close contacts of family members was up to 14.2%,the total number of close contacts of friends and colleagues was 127,and the positive number was only one,which the positive rate was 0.7%;other types of close contacts had no incidence.In addition,the time that 77%of close contacts who had a positive nucleic acid test is concentrated in the first six days of the medical observation period,and its average incubation period is about 4.7 days.Conclusion Among the 1,568 cases of COVID-19 in the study,the close contact among family members had the highest positive rate.Among them,the elderly aged 61 and above were often the most susceptible to underlying diseases due to their low immunity.And female close contacts have a higher risk of infection than male.Besides,Infected close contacts have a high incidence rate,mainly concentrated in the early stage of the medical observation period.So,tracking and managing close contacts as

关 键 词：新冠肺炎 实时荧光定量PCR 密接者 阳性率 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学] R117[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]