摄入限制盐分饮食对高血压合并糖尿病患者心血管疾病发病的影响  

Impact of reduced salt intake on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus

作　　者：倪燕红 刘喆[2] 徐建芳 NI Yan-hong;LIU Zhe;XU Jian-fang(Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine Department,Xiaoshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 311201,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]杭州市萧山区中医院心血管、肾内科,浙江杭州311201 [2]杭州市萧山区中医院心血管心内科,浙江杭州311201

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2020年第10期1104-1106,共3页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：杭州市卫生科技发展计划基金资助项目(682932)。

摘　　要：目的探究摄入限制盐分对饮食高血压合并糖尿病患者心血管疾病发病的影响。方法选取2015年1月~2018年12月接受治疗的288例高血压并发糖尿病患者为研究对象,按照饮食方式将患者分为两组,对照组152例常规饮食(>2.2 g/d),观察组136例限盐饮食(≤2.2 g/d),共干预2个月,比较两组患者的2个月后尿钠、尿钾、血浆肾素、醛固酮水平、24 h尿白蛋白排泄率、血压、心血管疾病发病率。结果观察组患者尿钠为(2 047.83±144.61)mg/24 h、尿钾为(367.95±118.26)mg/24 h、血浆肾素为[(3.14±0.45)ng/(ml·h)]、醛固酮为(357.78±103.26)pmol/L,对照组患者分别为(3 362.98±203.47)mg/24 h、(1 326.72±278.44)mg/24 h、[3.20±0.61 ng/(ml·h)]、(361.55±108.54)pmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者收缩压为(140.21±8.77)mmHg、舒张压为(91.27±6.49)mmHg、24 h尿白蛋白排泄率为(48.91±5.59)mg/24 h,对照组患者分别为(152.45±10.21)mmHg、(104.71±8.23)mmHg、(74.23±6.03)mg/24 h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组心血管疾病患病率为41例(30.15%),对照组为67例(44.08%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论摄入饮食限制盐分对于高血压并发糖尿病患者具有积极作用,能够降低患者的尿钠、尿钾、血压水平以及尿白蛋白排泄率,减少心血管疾病的患病率。Objective To discuss the impact of reduced salt intake on the incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Methods 288 patients with hypertension and diabetes who were treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2018 were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the daily amount of salt intake.Patients in the control group(n=152) had regular salt intake of >2.2 g/day, while those in the observation group(n=136) had reduced salt intake of ≤2.2 g/day.After 2 months.urinary levels of sodium and potassium, plasma rennin and aldosterone levels, 24 h urinary albumin excretion rate, blood pressure, and incidence of cardiovascular disease were compared between the two groups. Results The urinary levels of sodium and potassium as well as plasma levels of rennin and aldosterone were 2 047.83±144.61 mg/24 h, 367.95±118.26 mg/24 h, 3.14±0.45 ng/(ml/h) and 357.78±103.26 pmol/L in the observation group, while they were 3 362.98±203.47 mg/24 h, 1 326.72±278.44 mg/24 h, 3.20±0.61 ng/(ml/h) and 361.55±108.54 pmol/L in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The systolic blood pressure, the diastolic blood pressure, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate were 140.21±8.77 mmHg,91.27±6.49 mmHg and 48.91±5.59 mg/24 hin the observation group,and were 152.45±10.21 mmHg,104.71±8.23 mmHg and 74.23±.6.03 mg/24 hin the control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of cardiovascular disease was 30.14%in the observation group,which was significantly lower than that of 44.08%in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions Reduced dietary salt intake of salt can decrease the urinary levels of sodium and potassium,lower the blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion rate,and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease.

关 键 词：摄入饮食限制盐分 高血压 糖尿病 心血管疾病 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]