生物炭对根际土壤微生态的调控及对烟草青枯病的防控作用  

Regulation of biochar on rhizosphere soil microecology and its control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt

作　　者：张广雨 胡志明 褚德朋 戴永平 尹绍静 严明雄 段焰 孙康 Naila Ilyas 尤祥伟[1] 李义强[1] ZHANG Guangyu;HU Zhiming;CHU Depeng;DAI Yongping;YIN Shaojing;YAN Mingxiong;DUAN Yan;SUN Kang;Naila Ilyas;YOU Xiangwei;LI Yiqiang(Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,Shandong,China;Baoshan Municipal Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province,Baoshan 678000,Yunan,China;College of Plant Protection,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东省青岛市266101 [2]云南省烟草公司保山市公司,云南省保山市678000 [3]湖南农业大学植物保护学院,长沙市410128

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2020年第6期81-88,共8页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：云南省烟草公司科技项目(2020530000242022)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同用量的生物炭对根际土壤微生态的调控及对烟草青枯病的防控作用【方法】采用稀释平板法,研究生物炭对青枯菌的吸附作用及对其生长和运动性的影响;盆栽试验研究生物炭对烟草生长及青枯病发病情况和土壤基本理化性质的影响;利用高通量测序技术,比较各处理土壤细菌群落差异。【结果】(1)生物炭对青枯菌具有抑制作用,可吸附青枯菌、抑制其生长及运动性,用量超过1.5%时效果显著;(2)生物炭提高了土壤pH、有机质、速效磷和速效钾含量,利于烟草的生长。相关性分析发现,生物炭对土壤pH和化学性质的改善,是抑制烟草青枯病发生的主要原因;(3)生物炭提高了根际土壤微生物群落的Alpha多样性和放线菌门中链霉菌属的相对丰度;(4)根际土壤细菌结构的多样性与土壤理化性质有一定的相关性,其中有效钾影响最大。【结论】生物炭通过对青枯菌的抑制作用和对土壤微生态的改善,创造了利于烟草生长的环境条件,减少了烟草青枯病的发生。[Objective]This paper aims to explore the regulation of different amounts of biochar on rhizosphere soil microecology and its control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt.[Methods]The dilution plate method was used to study the adsorption effect of biochar on Ralstonia solanacearum and its influence on growth and motility of Ralstonia solanacearum.Pot experiments were carried out to test the impact of biochar on the incidence of bacterial wilt and physical and chemical properties of soil.Flux sequencing technology was used to compare the differences in soil bacterial communities between treatments.[Results]Test data showed that:(1)Biochar had an inhibitory effect on Ralstonia solanacearum,which could adsorb Ralstonia solanacearum and inhibit its growth and motility.The effect was significant when the dosage exceeded 1.5%;(2)Biochar improved soil pH,organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium content,and promoted the growth of tobacco.Correlation analysis found the improvement of soil pH and chemical properties by biochar was the main reason for inhibiting the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt;(3)Biochar enhanced the Alpha diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community and the relative abundance of Streptomyces in Actinomycetes;(4)The diversity of rhizosphere soil bacterial structure had a certain correlation with the physical and chemical properties of the soil,in which available potassium had the largest effect.[Conclusion]Through the inhibition of Ralstonia solanacearum and the improvement of soil microecology,biochar creates an environment conducive to tobacco growth,thus reducing the occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt.

关 键 词：生物炭 烟草青枯病 烟草青枯菌 土壤微生态 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]