体内毒品检验及鉴定技术的新进展  

New development of drug detection and identification technology in vivo

作　　者：张蕾萍[1] 侯伟 卢亮 仲利静[1] 马纪强[1] 刘静 Zhang Leiping;Hou Wei;Lu Liang;Zhong Lijing;Ma Jiqiang;Liu Jing(National Engineering Laboratory for Forensic Science&Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China;School of Forensic Science,Peoples Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部物证鉴定中心现场物证溯源技术国家工程实验室,北京100038 [2]中国人民公安大学刑事科学技术学院,北京100038

出　　处：《中国法医学杂志》2020年第6期655-659,共5页Chinese Journal of Forensic Medicine

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2019JB031)。

摘　　要：体内毒品检验所涉及不同生物检材有不同的特点,如检测时间窗不同,有无损伤、采集方式和保存方式等不同,应根据检验目标、检材特点、提取场合等采集适宜的生物检材,选用适宜的检验技术。免疫分析技术和色质联用技术在法庭科学领域中应用广泛,是检验体内毒品的两个重要技术手段,分别起到了初筛和确证的作用。与检验体内毒品相关的法规和行业标准也有了较大的进展,不仅统一了检验结果的阴性或阳性判定标准,而且为出具检验报告或鉴定报告提供了法律保障。本文综述了近年来各类生物检材的体内代谢和采集等特点,以及对免疫分析技术的应用现状及色-质联用技术的发展进行分析,最后还探讨了行业标准、行业规范对现有免疫分析技术和色质联用技术的指导规范,以期为公检法司技术人员在体内毒品检验鉴定中提供参考。Different biological test materials involved in drug detection in vivo have different characteristics, such as different detection time window, whether there is damage, collection method and preservation method, etc. appropriate biological samples should be collected according to the detection target, the characteristics of samples, extraction spot, etc.and appropriate detection techniques should be selected. Immunoassay screening test and chromatography-mass spectrometry detection are widely used in forensic science. They are two important techniques to detect drugs in vivo and play the role of screening and a confirmation respectively. Laws and regulations and industrial standards related to drug detecting in vivo have also made great progress, which not only unifies the criteria for determining negative and positive test results, but also provides legal guarantee for issuing test reports and identification reports. This paper reviewed the characteristics of the metabolism and collection and preservation of various biological samples in recent years. and the application status of immune analysis technology and the development of chromatography-mass spectrometry were also analyzed. Finally, the industrial standards and codes about the immunoassay technology and chromatography-mass spectrometry technology were discussed, in order to provide reference for police in the detection and identification of drugs in vivo.

关 键 词：法庭科学 毒品 免疫分析 色-质联用 

分 类 号：DF795.4[医药卫生—法医学]