农业合作制发展的历史逻辑和理论逻辑——列宁发表《论合作社》百年前后农业集体经济实现形式变革的时代启示  

The Historical and Theoretical Study on the Course of Agricultural Cooperative System——A Historical Analysis and Enlightenment of the Transformation of the Agricultural Collective Economy a Century after the Publication of Lenin’s Dictating Paper,On the

作　　者：康乃馨 KANG Nai-xin(National University of Defense Technology,410073)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学文理学院,410073

出　　处：《上海经济研究》2020年第12期54-65,共12页Shanghai Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“坚持和完善中国特色社会主义基本经济制度研究(批准号20AZD011)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国农业发展和农民生活水平的提高,充分证明我国农业合作制的道路是正确的,是中国特色社会主义制度优越性在"三农"方面的具体体现。而今理论界还有人用"本本"剪裁现实,似乎我国农业经济形式离开了社会主义轨道。应当用百年来的实践加以检验。从列宁领导苏联合作制和我国农业合作制两个"否定之否定"的历史过程证实:农业的社会主义集体经济发展必须适合农业生产力的特殊性加本国特点,采取灵活多样的实现形式与一定的过渡步骤才能有利于农业现代化生产力和农民生活水平的提高、实现现代化,而不能完全照搬工业公有制的模式和方法。应当对列宁从共耕制到合作制和我国合作化—公社化—多种合作形式作历史分析。我国"三农"现实的形式和政策是符合实际和历史唯物论原理的,要结合历史领会列宁所说的农民"个人所有制",认识"三权分置"等深化改革的正确性,澄清偏颇观点。如今我们处在"两个飞跃"中间的过渡阶段,未来的农业产业革命将是高端生态农业,会有更加高效灵活的集体经济形式出现。China’s agricultural development and the improvement of farmers’living standards has fully validated the path of agricultural cooperative system in China,referring to the superiority of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics in the"three rural"affairs.However,there are still some theorists who interpret the reality out of context with the book and argue that China’s agricultural economy seemed to deviate from the course of socialism.The historical course of Soviet cooperative system under Lenin’s leadership and China’s agricultural cooperative system was carried out in accordance with none of negation of negation law both proved that the development of agricultural socialist collective economy shall be in parallel with the character of agricultural productivity with its own regional characteristics.We shall identify that the improvement of agricultural productivity as well as the improvement of peasants’living standards could only be accomplished in flexible and diversified ways through certain transitional stages.The method and pattern of industrial public ownership could not be completely and easily brought to agricultural production.It is necessary to make a historical analysis of Lenin’s reform on agricultural collective economy and China’s historical practice,from co-cultivating to cooperative system,and then to cooperative system embodied with various forms.The pathway and policy on’agriculture,rural areas and farmers’affairs in China proved to accord with the principle of historical materialism as well as national reality.It is necessary to understand Lenin’s"individual ownership"of farmers in accordance with historical practice,identifying the further reform of"separation of three powers",clarify biased views.Now we are at the transitional stage between"Two Great Leaps"when the agricultural industry revolution is coming to high-end ecological agriculture,and more efficient and flexible forms of collective economy are sure to come by.

关 键 词：合作社 农业生产力特殊性 土地公有制 个人所有制 集体经济实现形式 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]