煤沥青基微晶炭的制备及其储锂性能  

Preparation of coal tar pitch-based microcrystal carbons and their lithium storage properties

作　　者：王振帅 邢宝林 韩学锋 曾会会 侯磊 郭晖 张传祥 岳志航 WANG Zhenshuai;XING Baolin;HAN Xuefeng;ZENG Huihui;HOU Lei;GUO Hui;ZHANG Chuanxiang;YUE Zhihang(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China;Innovation Center of Coal Work Safety,Jiaozuo 454000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学化学化工学院,河南焦作454000 [2]煤炭安全生产河南省协同创新中心,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《化工进展》2021年第1期313-323,共11页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2017GGJS052);河南省科技攻关项目(202102210183)。

摘　　要：以工业副产物煤沥青(coal tar pitch,CTP)为原料,采用高温炭化法制备煤沥青基微晶炭,利用XRD、Raman光谱、SEM、TEM和XPS等手段对其微观结构和表面化学性质进行表征,并探究微晶炭用作锂离子电池负极材料的储锂特性。结果表明,煤沥青经不同温度(800~1100℃)炭化处理后可制备出石墨微晶和无定形炭共存的微晶炭。炭化温度是影响煤沥青基微晶炭的微晶片层、纳米孔道和结构缺陷等微观结构特征和表面化学性质的重要因素。当炭化温度为800℃时,煤沥青基微晶炭CTP-800具有较为有序的石墨微晶片层和丰富的纳米孔道、结构缺陷等无定形炭,且两者有机结合,相互镶嵌,构筑成三维网络结构,同时炭基体表面含有适量氧/氮官能团。该微晶炭用作锂离子电池负极材料时具有优异的储锂特性,在50mA/g电流密度下可逆容量可达305mA·h/g,1000mA/g大电流密度下仍可维持在174mA·h/g,经100次循环后可逆容量保持率超过99.0%,显示出良好的倍率性能和优异的循环稳定性,是一种较为理想的锂离子电池负极材料。煤沥青基微晶炭CTP-800优异的储锂特性与其炭基体中含有石墨微晶片层与纳米孔道、结构缺陷等无定形炭和炭表面富含氧/氮官能团等因素密切相关。In this paper,coal tar pitch(CTP),a by-product of industry,was used as raw material to prepare CTP-based microcrystal carbons by high-temperature carbonization.The microstructure and surface properties of CTP-based microcrystal carbons were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD),Raman spectrum,scanning electron microscope(SEM),transmission electron microscope(TEM)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The lithium storage characteristics of CTP-based microcrystal carbons applied as anode materials were also investigated.The results showed that CTPbased microcrystal carbons coexisting graphite microcrystalline structure and amorphous structure can be prepared by carbonization of coal tar pitch at different temperatures(800—1100℃).Microstructural characteristics such as microcrystalline layers,nanopore channels and structural defects and surface chemical properties of CTP-based microcrystal carbons were strongly dependent on the carbonization temperature.When the carbonization temperature was 800℃,CTP-based microcrystal carbon CTP-800 had a relatively ordered graphite microcrystalline layer and abundant amorphous carbon such as nanopore channels and structural defects,and the two were organically combined and embedded with each other to form a three-dimensional network structure,and the surface of carbon matrix contained appropriate oxygen/nitrogen functional groups.Such CTP-based microcrystal carbon had excellent lithium storage characteristics when it used as anode material for lithium ion batteries.The reversible capacity reached as high as 305mA·h/g at current rate of 50mA/g and still remained 174mA·h/g at current rate of 1000mA/g,and the reversible capacity retention rate was over 99.0%after 100 cycles.Such results indicated that the microcrystal carbon CTP-800 had good rate performance and excellent cycle stability,which might become a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries.The excellent lithium storage characteristics of CTP-800 were strongly depended on their unique microstru

关 键 词：煤沥青 微晶炭 负极材料 储锂性能 

分 类 号：TQ522.65[化学工程—煤化学工程] TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]