施硒对不同基因型花生硒分配及产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Selenium Application on Selenium Distribution,Yield and Quality of Different Genotypes of Peanuts

作　　者：余琼[1] 张翔[1] 索炎炎[1] 司贤宗[1] 李亮[1] 邱岭军 程培军 余辉 YU Qiong;ZHANG Xiang;SUO Yan-yan;SI Xian-zong;LI Liang;QIU Ling-jun;CHENG Pei-jun;YU Hui(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Resource and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Zhengyang Institute of Peanut,Zhengyang 463600,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]正阳县花生研究所,河南正阳463600

出　　处：《花生学报》2020年第4期57-62,56,共7页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：河南省现代农业花生产业技术体系(S2012-05-G02);河南省农业科学院优青项目(2018YQ15);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201000);河南省重大科技攻关项目(122101110600)。

摘　　要：探讨施硒对豫南地区花生硒含量及产量和品质的影响,为豫南地区富硒花生种植提供参考。采用大田试验方法,以高油酸花生品种豫花37(YH37)和普通花生品种远杂9102(YZ9102)为试验材料,研究了不同施硒水平(0、400、800 g·hm^-2)下,花生植株各器官对硒的分配和转运差异以及硒对花生产量和品质的影响。结果表明:不同施硒量对花生植株分枝数及产量构成的影响无显著差异,但低浓度硒促进植株生长,高浓度硒对植株生长表现明显抑制作用。与对照相比,施硒处理显著增加了花生植株各器官中的硒含量;同一施硒水平下,YH37的出仁率高于YZ9102,但未达显著水平;YH37花生籽仁中硒含量较YZ9102增加36.8%、48.5%。硒积累量的分配比率均表现为:籽仁>叶>茎>壳>根。两基因型花生比较,YH37硒的转移系数高于YZ9102。施硒对花生脂肪酸组分的影响无明显差异,其中YH37的油酸含量显著高于YZ9102,亚油酸含量显著低于YZ9102。YZ9102 and YH37 were chosen as experimental materials to explore the effect of selenium application on the selenium content,yield and quality of peanut,and to provide reference for the cultivation of selenium-rich peanut in the southern part of Henan.The differences of selenium distribution and transfer coefficient in different organs of peanut plant and the effects on yield and quality were studied under different selenium levels(0,400,800 g/ha).The results showed that,there was no significant difference in the effects of different selenium application rates on the number of branches and yield components of peanut,but low concentration of selenium promoted plant growth,while high concentration of selenium significantly inhibited plant growth.Compared with the control,selenium application significantly increased the selenium content in different organs of peanut plant.Under the same fertilization level,the kernel percentage of YH37 was higher than that of YZ9102,but there was no significant difference;and the selenium content in peanut kernel of YH37 increased by 36.8% and 48.5% compared with YZ9102.The distribution order of selenium accumulation was:peanut kernel>leaf>stem>shell>root.Compared with the two genotypes of peanuts,the selenium transfer coefficient of YH37 was higher than that of YZ9102.There was no significant difference in the effect of selenium application on the fatty acid composition of peanut.The oleic acid content of YH37 was significantly higher than that of YZ9102,and the linoleic acid content of YH37 was significantly lower than that of YZ9102.As far as the two varieties selected in the experiment are concerned,YH37 has higher selenium-rich ability.

关 键 词：花生 硒 积累量 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S143.79