我国跨境电子商务政策分析:2012-2020  

The Analysis of Chinese Cross-border E-commerce Policy:2012—2020

作　　者：赵崤含 潘勇 ZHAO Xiao-han;PAN Yong(School of Electronic Commerce and Logistics Management,Henan University of Finance,Zhengzhou 450002,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南财经政法大学电子商务与物流管理学院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2021年第1期47-59,共13页China Business and Market

基　　金：河南省特色骨干学科现代服务业学科群资助项目(教高[2020]419)。

摘　　要：跨境电子商务作为一种新型的数字贸易方式,已经成为推动我国外贸转型升级的重要手段。跨境电子商务的发展离不开各项政策的支持,但考虑到我国跨境电子商务配套政策的制定开始得较晚,尚未形成比较成熟的政策体系,对现有跨境电子商务政策文本及特征进行梳理和分析,有助于厘清政策制定意图和背景,评价政策实施效果,为下一步政策策略的制定和调整提供参考。鉴于此,结合跨境电子商务发展背景,从参与主体、政策效力、发展阶段、政策工具类型四个维度着手,对71份跨境电子商务政策样本进行量化分析。结果表明,从参与主体看,当前跨境电子商务政策致力于各参与主体的协调发展,对参与主体的覆盖较为全面,但从相关政策条文的数量看更偏重监管主体;从政策效力看,当前我国跨境电子商务权威型政策较少,政策效力整体不高,对行业共性问题缺乏相应的约束力和执行力,但灵活调整型政策较多,能根据行业发展变化与具体问题进行相应的调整和指导;从发展阶段看,根据政策年度发布数量与关键政策发布节点,结合跨境电子商务发展特征,可将跨境电子商务政策发展过程分为政策蓄势期、政策红利期、监管过渡期、规范发展期四个阶段;从政策工具类型看,目前我国已经形成较为完整的跨境电子商务政策工具体系,但环境型政策工具仍然是当前实施的重点,使用最多,而供给型和需求型政策工具使用不足,下一阶段应调整策略,加大对这两类政策工具的使用力度。China's cross-border e-commerce industry,a new mode of trade,has risen rapidly under the guidance of various national policies,and has become an important means to promote the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade.The development of e-commerce depends on the support of policies.Considering that the related supporting policies were introduced comparatively late in China,and the policy system is not mature,analyzing the existing policies will be helpful for us to understand the intention and background of these policies and evaluate the result of them,which will future provide more references for policy-making and adjusting.Because of this,the authors make a quantitative analysis on 71 e-commerce related policies from the perspectives of participants,policy effectiveness,policy stages and policy tools.In terms of participants,the focus of the existing policies is on the coordinated development of different kinds of participants;and the coverage of policy subjects is more comprehensive,but more emphasis on regulatory subjects.In terms of the effectiveness of cross-border ecommerce policies,they are less authoritative;the overall policy effectiveness is not high;there is less force of constraint and implementation;and there are more flexible adjustment polices.In terms of development stages,the release of cross-border ecommerce policies presents the characteristics of four stages:policy accumulation period,dividend period,regulation transition period and normative period.And in terms of policy tools,at present,a relatively complete system of cross-border e-commerce policy tools has been formed;environmental policy tools are still the focus of current implementation;and there is less supply and demand policy tools,which will be enhanced at the next stage.

关 键 词：跨境电子商务政策 参与主体 政策效力 发展阶段 政策工具类型 

分 类 号：F752.0[经济管理—国际贸易]