论“了2”的时体助词与动相补语之分  

The Tense-aspect Function and Phase-complement Function of“Le2”in Mandarin

作　　者：范晓蕾[1] Fan Xiaolei(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言文学系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言科学》2021年第1期60-75,共16页Linguistic Sciences

摘　　要：文章重审普通话句尾“了2”的语法性质。现实性主句(如“他已经掉到河里了”)里的“了2”编码了相对过去时,它是统辖主句、促成完句的时体助词;一部分非现实环境(如“他差点儿掉到河里了”)里的“了2”表示结果达成义,它是统辖依附性小句、不能完句的动相补语。文章由此总结出“了2”的梯度异质态势。The paper reveals that the sentence-final“le2”in Manarin can function as a phase-complement as well as a tense-aspect particle.As“le2”on its typical function“change of state”strongly tends to occur in the sentences expressing past events and cannot be omitted,it should be viewed as a tense-aspect marker.This kind of“le2”encodes the relative-past tense which determines the completeness of a sentence.Noticeably,“le2”which occurs in some irrealis predicates and can be omitted,is a phase-complement of a subordinate small clause.This special“le2”only encodes the meaning“the achievement of a resultative event”and involves nothing with the relative tense.Generally speaking,“le2”in Mandarin is a heterogeneous morpheme,representing different stages in the process of grammaticalization.

关 键 词：了2 动相补语 完句 非现实 相对时制 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]