我国法官责任豁免制度之改进——从错案责任到司法裁判行为  

The Improvement of the System of the Immunity of the Judge’s Liability:From the Misjudged Liability to Judicial Act

作　　者：陆幸福[1,2] Lu Xingfu(Administrative Law School,Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学行政法学院,重庆401120 [2]西南政法大学比较法律方法研究中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《浙江社会科学》2021年第1期54-64,157,共12页Zhejiang Social Sciences

基　　金：2020年度国家社科基金项目“类案同判机制研究”(20XFX001)的资助。

摘　　要：我国法官责任豁免的相关规定主要散见于各种法律和司法文件,既有概括性规定,又有具体规定,还有间接性规定。我国法官责任豁免制度存在形式性缺陷、模糊的有限豁免和误导性的错案责任等不当之处。法官行使司法自由裁量权的行为,即司法裁判行为,应该成为法官责任豁免对象。以之为核心构建法官责任豁免制度既可以充分保障法官正常行使职权,又能够对故意违法裁判行为予以追究。《国家赔偿法》《法官法》等相关法律文本需要据此改进。The relevant provisions on the immunity of the judge’s liability in our country mostly scatter in various legal and judicial documents,including general provisions,specific provisions,and indirect provisions.There are some defects in the system of the immunity of the judge’s liability,such as defects in form,vague limited immunity and misleading misjudged liability.Judge’s exercise of judicial discretion,that is,judicial act,should be the object of judge’s immunity.To construct the immunity system of judge’s liability can not only fully guarantee the normal exercise of judges’functions,but also investigate the intentional illegal adjudication.The state Compensation Law,the Law on Judges and other relevant legal texts need to be improved accordingly.

关 键 词：司法裁判行为 错案责任 法官责任豁免 中立性 

分 类 号：D926.2[政治法律—法学]