不同控释期包膜尿素氮素释放对小麦氮素利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Release of Coated Urea with Different Controlled Release Periods on Nitrogen Utilization of Wheat

作　　者：宋挚 范仲卿 于晓东 孟庆羽 郭新送 李巧玉 马学文 陈士更 丁方军 昝林生 Song Zhi;Fan Zhongqing;Yu Xiaodong;Meng Qingyu;Guo Xinsong;Li Qiaoyu;Ma Xuewen;Chen Shigeng;Ding Fangjun;Zan Linsheng(Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture/Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center of Efficient Utilization of Humic Acid,Taian 271000,China;Shandong Agricultural University Fertilizer Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Taian 271000,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,Taian 271000,China;College of Ecology and Garden Architecture,Dezhou University,Dezhou 253001,China)

机构地区：[1]农业部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室/山东省腐植酸高效利用示范工程技术研究中心,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农大肥业科技有限公司,山东泰安271000 [3]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271000 [4]德州学院生态与园林建筑学院,山东德州253001

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第12期51-58,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010716)。

摘　　要：本试验通过动力学模拟,研究30、90、120天控释期包膜尿素的养分释放特征,并在田间条件下以常规施肥为对照,研究不同控释期包膜尿素处理(90、120、30天+120天(1∶2.5))的养分释放与小麦氮素累积的关系,及对小麦产量、氮肥利用率、土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明:30天控释期包膜尿素养分释放更符合一级动力学方程,90天和120天控释期包膜尿素养分释放更符合Richards方程;不同控释期包膜尿素的氮素释放与小麦氮素积累均呈极显著二次抛物线关系,其中以30天+120天包膜尿素配合施用处理的决定系数最高,R^2为0.9871(P<0.01);30天+120天包膜尿素处理的产量、氮肥利用率显著高于其他处理,氮肥偏生产力和土壤氮素依存率与120天尿素处理无显著差异;包膜尿素处理显著增加0~40 cm土层的硝态氮积累,但减少向40 cm以下土层的淋溶。其中120天包膜尿素处理的0~40 cm硝态氮积累显著高于其他处理,不同控释期包膜尿素处理在40 cm以下土层的硝态氮累积量无显著差异;120天包膜控释肥处理的氮素表观损失量最低,但与30天+120天包膜尿素处理无显著差异;包膜尿素处理增加了小麦净收益,其中以30天+120天包膜尿素处理净收益最高,较常规施肥处理增加3135.92元/hm^2,较其他包膜尿素处理增加451.73~871.75元/hm^2。综合分析,30天+120天控释期包膜尿素更适于实际生产中的推广应用。The experiment was conducted to study the nutrient release characteristics of coated urea with 30,90 and 120 days of controlled release period respectively by dynamic simulation.The relationship between nutrient release and nitrogen accumulation in wheat of three coated urea treatments with the controlled release period as 90 d,120 d,30 d+120 d(1∶2.5)and their effects on wheat yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil nitrogen balance were studied under field conditions.The results showed that the nutrient release of coated urea with 30-day controlled release period was more in line with the first-order kinetic equation,and that of 90-day and 120-day ones were more in line with the Richards equation.The nitrogen release of coated urea with different controlled release periods and the nitrogen accumulation of wheat showed a very significant quadratic parabolic relationship,and the coefficient of determination of 30-day+120-day coated urea treatment was the highest with R^2 as 0.9871(P<0.01).The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of 30-day+120-day coated urea treatment were significantly higher than those of the other treatments,and the partial nitrogen productivity and soil nitrogen dependence rate had no significant differences with those of 120-day coated urea treatment.Coated urea treatments significantly increased the nitrate nitrogen accumulation in the 0~40-cm soil layer,but reduced the leaching into the soil layer below 40-cm.The nitrate accumulation in 0~40-cm soil layer of 120-day coated urea treatment was significantly higher than that of the other treatments,and that in the soil layer below 40-cm under different coated urea treatments had no significant difference.The apparent nitrogen loss of 120-day coated urea treatment was the lowest,but there was no significant difference with that of 30-day+120-day coated urea treatment.Coated urea treatments increased the net profit of wheat,of which,30 day+120-day coated urea treatment was the highest,which increased by 3135.92 yuan/hm^2 compared with conventional

关 键 词：包膜尿素 释放规律 小麦 氮素积累 土壤氮素平衡 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学] S512.106.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]