济南地区葡萄霜霉病发生规律、流行关键气象因子分析及预测  

Occurrence Regularity and Epidemic Key Meteorological Factors Analysis and Prediction of Grape Downy Mildew in Jinan Area

作　　者：张眉[1] 吴斌[1] 姜珊珊[1] 辛志梅[1] 郭霞[1] 王升吉[1] 辛相启[1] Zhang Mei;Wu Bin;Jiang Shanshan;Xin Zhimei;Guo Xia;Wang Shengji;Xin Xiangqi(Institute of Plant Protection,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Key Laboratory of Plant Virology,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/山东省植物病毒学重点实验室,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2020年第12期93-98,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2016B11,CXGC2016A09);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203035)。

摘　　要：为明确葡萄霜霉病在济南地区的发生规律及影响病害流行的关键气象因子,并提出霜霉病流行预测方法,本试验连续5年定点系统调查了葡萄霜霉病的发病情况,并建立了农田小型气候自动观测站对田间气象数据进行监测。结果表明,济南地区葡萄霜霉病一般7月初开始发病,8月初进入盛发期,若前期降雨多,则霜霉病发生早。温度、相对湿度、降雨量与葡萄霜霉病的流行密切相关,其中,降雨是影响葡萄霜霉病流行的关键气象因子。根据病害发生情况和气象条件,推导出葡萄霜霉病的流行预测指标,即葡萄园内发生霜霉病后,当出现日降雨量超过5 mm的降雨日,且该降雨日前后有连续2 d以上的降雨过程,就可造成霜霉病菌的大量侵染,侵染7~12 d后葡萄霜霉病即可流行。该流行预测指标得到有效验证,可用于济南地区葡萄霜霉病的预测预报。In order to clarify occurrence regularity and key meteorological factors affecting the epidemic of grape downy mildew in Jinan area,and put forward a method for prediction of grape downy mildew epidemic,the incidence of grape downy mildew was systematically investigated for five consecutive years and a small farmland automatic climate observation station was established to monitor field meteorological date.The results showed that the disease generally occured in the beginning of July,and entered quickly spreading period in the beginning of August.If the early rainfall was more,the disease occurred earlier.The meteorological factors of temperature,relative humidity and rainfall were closely related to the epidemic of grape downy mildew,among them,rainfall was the key one.According to the disease occurrence and meteorological conditions,the prevalence index of grape downy mildew was obtained.After downy mildew occurred in vineyards,if there was a rainy day with the daily rainfall of more than 5 mm,and there was a continuous rainfall process for more than two days before and after the rainy day,a large number of grape downy mildew infections could be caused,and grape downy mildew could be prevalent after seven to twelve days of infection.The epidemic prediction index had been effectively verified and could be used for forecasting grape downy mildew in Jinan area.

关 键 词：葡萄霜霉病 发生规律 气象因子 流行预测 

分 类 号：S436.631.19[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]