4MB-6型密植棉秆对行铲拔铺放机改进设计  

Improvement Design of 4MB6 Row-controlled Shoveling and Drawing Placement Machine for Cotton-stalks in Close Planting

作　　者：贺小伟 刘金秀[2,3] 徐杨[1] 王龙 高筱钧[1] 王旭峰 HE Xiaowei;LIU Jinxiu;XU Yang;WANG Long;GAO Xiaojun;WANG Xufeng(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Tarim University,Alar 843300,China;The Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities under the Department of Education of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Alar 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院,阿拉尔843300 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室,阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第S02期21-30,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300302);兵团重大科技项目(2018AA001/03);塔里木大学现代农业工程重点实验室开放课题项目(TDNG2020201)。

摘　　要：针对原4MB6型密植棉秆对行铲拔铺放机田间性能试验中存在的减阻装置壅土严重、对行铲切装置处棉秆堆积、拔秆铺放辊拔秆不连续及有效性差等问题,对该机具进行了改进设计;为进一步提高该机具的作业性能,对其核心工作部件的作业机理进行了分析;对行铲切装置采用原地放垡间隔作业技术,当铲切深度约为115 mm时,在1幅宽膜内(2050 mm),其底部虚实作业比例为1∶2.42,地表虚实作业比例为1∶0.59,该比例从地面到底部呈连续递减趋势,有利于降低作业功耗;在铲切作业过程中,在梯形框架带刃口的侧板部分和铲切板的挤压、剪切作用下,棉茬周围土壤被剪切和弯曲破坏、土壤棉根系复合体产生失效被原位抬升于土壤上层,对其余土壤的扰动较小;齿型推拔辊采用反向推拔作业原理,有利于棉秆导入V形刀齿并进行有效夹持,由于其所起拔的棉秆已被铲切抬升,且入土深度(0~10 mm)小,因此进一步减小了整机作业功耗。田间试验表明,改进后的机具整机作业性能稳定,对行铲切装置工作流畅,实现了棉秆对行铲切及原位抬升作业目标,齿型推拔辊能有效抓取棉秆,并进行切向甩抛使得整株棉秆根茬土壤分离、铺放于田间,拔净率为90.87%~91.42%,达到了整秆铲拔的设计要求(拔净率90%以上),是新疆棉区棉秆资源机械化收获的适用设备。Aiming at the existing problems in the field test of the primary 4MB6 row-controlled shoveling and drawing placement machine for cotton-stalks in close planting,such as severe soil hilling in the drag reduction device,cotton-stalks accumulation in the row-controlled shoveling device,discontinuous operation and poor effectiveness of drawing-placing roller and so on,the primary machine were improved.In order to further improve the performance of machine,the working mechanism of main working parts should be analyzed.Adopting the technique of discharging furrow slice in-situ and interval operation and when shoveling depth of the row-controlled shoveling device was about 11.5 cm,the virtual and actual operation ratio of shoveling at bottom and surface was 1∶2.42 and 1∶0.59 respectively that was a continuous decreasing trend from the ground to the bottom,which was helpful to reduce operating power consumption of the machine.Under extrusion and shearing of shoveling plate and side panel with blade of trapezoid frame,the soil around soil-root composite were damaged by shearing and bending and soil-root composite were also damaged and uplifted in-situ in upper soil during the process of shoveling,and the row-controlled shoveling device had little disturbance to the rest of the soil.The principle of reverse pushing and drawing was adopted when designing the pushing-drawing roller with tooth type.As the diameter of the main part of the cotton-stalks was gradually increased from top to bottom,it was helpful to introduce the cotton-stalks into V-shaped cutter and clamp the cotton-stalks effectively.In addition,because the cotton-stalks that would be pulled up was shoveled and lifted,and working depth of the pushing-drawing roller(0~10 mm)was small,which both were helpful to further reduce the power consumption of whole machine.The results of field test showed that the improved machine had stable operation performance compared with the primary one.The row-controlled shoveling device could work smoothly and achieve the goal

关 键 词：密植棉秆 低耗 原位抬升 反向推拔 

分 类 号：S225.91+2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]