玉米免耕播种机漏播补偿方法对比研究  

Comparative Research on Miss-seeding Reseed Method in No-tillage Corn Planter

作　　者：吴南[1] WU Nan(Department of Materials Engineering, Liaoning Mechatronics College, Dandong 118009, China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁机电职业技术学院材料工程系,丹东118009

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第S02期41-46,78,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科学研究经费项目(IX202001);辽宁机电职业技术学院科研项目(ky202003)。

摘　　要：为解决玉米免耕播种机播种作业时存在漏播的问题,针对漏播自补偿和漏播辅助补偿方法进行了对比研究。对水平圆盘排种器的排种性能进行试验,获取了排种器在不同排种盘转速和播种粒距下排种合格指数、漏播指数和重播指数。由漏播自补偿补种性能分析可得,在排种口检测漏播信号进行加速补种,补种的实际粒距LPR>1.5L,补种粒距依然为漏播,无法实现漏播补偿功能,若在种子脱离排种口之前检测到漏播信号,提前做好加速准备再进行补种,可实现漏播自补偿功能。由漏播自补偿试验可知,漏播自补偿受播种速度和播种粒距影响较大,在播种粒距为20、25 cm,播种速度不大于5 km/h时,补种合格率不小于88%,在播种粒距为15 cm或播种速度大于5 km/h时,补种合格率较低;由漏播辅助补偿补种性能试验可知,在播种速度3~7 km/h,粒距15~25 cm下,补种成功率不小于89%,在播种速度不大于5 km/h,补种合格率不小于96%。为了保证补种位置精确,采用漏播辅助补偿装置进行补种,需合理设计漏播补偿装置安装位置,同时受播种速度、播种粒距、排种盘线速度、投种角的影响,通过合理设计补种装置安装参数后,控制补种装置响应时间t和补偿装置排种盘的线速度vb实现补种位置的精确控制。Comparison research was carried out on the performance of self compensation and auxiliary compensation in seed metering device,in order to solve the issue of miss-seeding in no-tillage corn planter.The performance indicators of metering device at different disc speeds and seed spacing were obtained through the performance test of horizontal disc seed metering device,and the indicators included seeding qualification index,miss-seeding index and reseeding index.Based on these,the reseeding performance under self compensation and auxiliary compensation methods for missing seeding could be analyzed.The test result showed that when the seeding speed was from 3 km/h to 7 km/h and the seed spacing was 15 cm,20 cm and 25 cm,the qualification index of the metering device was decreased with the increase of the seeding speed,and the smaller the seed spacing was,the lower the qualified rate was at the same speed;the miss-seeding index was increased with the increase of seeding speed,and the smaller the seed spacing was,the higher the miss-seeding index was.The analysis of the performance of self compensation for miss-seeding shows that after detecting miss-seeding signals at the seeding metering port and carrying out accelerated reseeding,the actual seed spacing LPR was larger than 1.5L,and the reseeding spacing was still miss-seeding,despite that the miss-seeding spacing was lowered,where precise missing reseeding function could not be realized.In case the miss-seeding signal could be detected before the seed left the metering hole,and the acceleration preparation was made in advance,then the miss-seeding could be realized.Self-compensation for missed seeding was greatly affected by seeding speed and seeding spacing.When the seeding spacing was 20 cm and 25 cm and the seeding speed was not more than 5 km/h,the qualified rate of reseeding was above 88%.When the seeding spacing was 15 cm or the seeding speed was above 5 km/h,the qualified rate of reseeding was lower.The performance of variable speed seeding would gradually we

关 键 词：玉米免耕播种机 漏播补偿 性能试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]