纵轴流柔性锤爪式玉米脱粒装置设计与试验  

Design and Test of Longitudinal Axial Flexible Hammer-claw Corn Thresher

作　　者：王占滨 王振伟 张银平[1,3] 闫文玺 迟岩杰 刘成强 WANG Zhanbin;WANG Zhenwei;ZHANG Yinping;YAN Wenxi;CHI Yanjie;LIU Chengqiang(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;Shandong Shifeng(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Liaocheng 252800,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255049 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京210014 [3]山东时风(集团)有限公司,聊城252800

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第S02期109-117,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：中国博士后基金项目(2018M642685);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD03006);山东省现代农业产业体系玉米创新团队机械加工岗位专家项目。

摘　　要：针对两熟区玉米籽粒直收过程中籽粒破碎严重、未脱净率高的问题,设计了一种纵轴流柔性锤爪式玉米脱粒装置。该脱粒装置采用纵轴流脱粒滚筒,脱粒滚筒上安装脱粒锤爪,脱粒前段和脱粒后段可更换不同型式的脱粒锤爪,脱粒锤爪与脱粒滚筒柔性连接,以降低籽粒破碎率,实现玉米的柔性低损伤脱粒。脱粒凹板采用分段组合式,便于脱粒段、排杂段的调整,凹板圆柱钢上设计半球形凸起,以增加搓擦力,提高脱净率。选取喂入量、滚筒转速、脱粒锤爪型式作为试验因素进行了正交试验,确定了在不同含水率下,喂入量、滚筒转速和脱粒锤爪的最佳参数组合,结果表明:含水率为25.12%时,最佳参数组合为滚筒转速500 r/min,喂入量8 kg/s,起脱段为扁头脱粒锤爪,平脱段和强脱段为圆头脱粒锤爪,此时籽粒破碎率为3.73%,未脱净率为0.69%;含水率为32.83%时,最佳参数组合为滚筒转速450 r/min,喂入量8 kg/s,起脱段、平脱段和强脱段均为圆头脱粒锤爪,此时籽粒破碎率为4.36%,未脱净率为0.70%。In order to solve the problems of serious grain breakage and high unstripping rate in the direct harvest of corn in double-cropping area,a longitudinal axial flexible hammer-claw corn threshing device was designed.The threshing device adopted the longitudinal axial flow threshing drum,and the threshing hammer-claw was installed on the threshing drum.Different types of threshing hammer-claw can be replaced in the front and back sections of threshing,and the threshing hammer-claw can be flexibly connected with the threshing drum to reduce the grain crushing rate and realize the flexible and low-damage threshing of corn.The threshing concave plate adopted a segmented combination type,which was convenient for the adjustment of the threshing section and the separation section.The concave plate cylindrical steel was designed with a semi-spherical protrusion to increase the rubbing force and improve the removed rate.The feeding amount and drum rotational speed,threshing hammer-claw type were taken as test factors,the orthogonal experiment under different moisture contents was confirmed,roller speed and the best parameter combination of threshing hammer-claw results showed that under the condition of moisture content of 25.12%,the best parameter combination for the drum rotating speed was 500 r/min,feeding amount was 8 kg/s,the take-off section was a flat head threshing hammer,and the flat and strong release sections were round head threshing hammer-claw,the grain crushing rate was 3.73%,unstripping rate was 0.69%.Under the condition of water content of 32.83%,the optimal parameter combination was the drum speed of 450 r/min,the feeding amount of 8 kg/s,the take-off section,the flat and strong release sections were all round head threshing hammer-claws,and the grain crushing rate and unstripping rate were 4.36%and 0.70%,respectively.

关 键 词：玉米脱粒装置 纵轴流 柔性 脱粒锤爪 

分 类 号：S226.1[农业科学—农业机械化工程]