玉米收获机激振摘穗装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Corn Harvester Vibration Picking Device

作　　者：纪晓琦 耿端阳[1] 姚艳春 杜鹃 朱俊科 徐海港 JI Xiaoqi;GENG Duanyang;YAO Yanchun;DU Juan;ZHU Junke;XU Haigang(School of Agricultural and Food Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255049,China;Shandong Shifeng(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Gaotang 252800,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博255049 [2]山东时风(集团)有限责任公司,高唐252800

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第S02期126-133,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017MEE050);山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2017YF004)。

摘　　要：针对当前玉米果穗收获存在损伤大、效率低的问题,在原来激振摘穗技术研究的基础上,从激振辊夹持果柄实现激振波有效传递入手,结合激振摘穗实现果茎分离的条件,开发了基于椭圆截面的新型摘穗装置,确定了该型摘穗辊结构参数的设计方法;根据激振摘穗过程中产生的激振波波形确定了椭圆激振辊的布局和结构参数,建立了椭圆激振摘穗试验台;通过正交试验确定了影响摘穗质量(果穗啃伤率、落粒率和茎秆折断率)的主次因素依次为激振辊长短径之比、激振辊基圆直径、摘穗辊转速;确定了较优组合,即当激振辊长短径之比为0.7、激振辊基圆直径为7.5 cm、摘穗辊转速为1000 r/min时,果穗啃伤率为0.38%,落粒率为0.12%,茎秆折断率为0.49%,均低于国家玉米收获机械技术标准要求。在较优参数组合下进行了试验验证,结果表明激振辊长短径之比为0.7、激振辊基圆直径为7.5 cm、摘穗辊转速为1000 r/min时,果穗啃伤率为0.39%,落粒率为0.12%,茎秆折断率为0.48%,与前期试验结果基本保持一致。Aiming at the problems of high damage and low efficiency in corn ear harvesting,based on the original research of vibration picking technology,a new type of ear picking device based on elliptical cross-section was developed.Based on the conditions of vibration picking to realize the effective transmission of vibration waved by clamping the fruit handle with the excitation roller,the determination method of the structural parameters of this type of ear picking roller was determined and an elliptical vibration test-bed was established.Through the orthogonal test,the main and secondary factors affecting the ear gnawing rate,threshing rate and stem breaking rate were determined as follows:the ratio of the long and short diameter of the exciting roller,the rotation speed of the snapping roller and the diameter of the base circle of the exciting roller.The better combination was determined,that was,the ratio of the long and short diameter of the exciting roller was 0.7,the diameter of the base circle of the exciting roller was 7.5 cm,and the rotation speed of the stripping roller was 1000 r/min,the ear gnawing rate was 0.38%,the seed dropping rate was 0.12%,and the stalk breaking rate was 0.49%,which were all lower than the requirements of the national corn harvesting machinery technical standards.The experimental verification was carried out under the optimal combination of parameters.The results showed that the ratio of short length to diameter of exciting roller was 0.7,the diameter of base circle of exciting roller was 7.5 cm,the rotation speed of snapping roller was 1000 r/min,the rate of ear gnawing was 0.39%,the rate of falling grain was 0.12%,and the rate of stalk breaking was 0.48%.The test results showed that the results were basically consistent with the previous test results.

关 键 词：玉米 摘穗 激振 摘穗辊 

分 类 号：S225.51[农业科学—农业机械化工程]