油菜联合收获机割台振动对田间收获落粒影响分析  

Analysis of Harvesting Losses of Rapeseed Caused by Vibration of Combine Harvester Header during Field Operation

作　　者：马丽娜[1,2] 魏俊逸 黄小毛 宗望远[1,2] 詹广超 MA Li na;WEI Junyi;HUANG Xiaomao;ZONG Wangyuan;ZHAN Guangchao(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第S02期134-138,201,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51805198)和国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671592)。

摘　　要：油菜联合收获机田间作业过程中,割台碰撞和振动引起油菜角果和籽粒脱落,导致割台落粒损失约占收获总损失(8%~10%)的50%,为研究割台振动对田间收获落粒的影响,以4LL1.5Y型履带式油菜联合收获机为研究对象,基于振源分析和在田间收获工况下对割台开展振动测试,确定引起割台振动的关键激振源是发动机(27.53 Hz)和割刀(7.93~8.53 Hz),然后基于Default Shaker液压振动台以0~40 Hz扫频方式确定出影响适收期“华油杂62”油菜角果籽粒脱落的最大频率段为5~10 Hz,在该频率段内开展激振频率对油菜角果和籽粒脱落影响的单因素试验。结果表明,Default Shaker液压振动台激振频率为7 Hz时,油菜植株在横向固定和纵向固定时,其油菜角果和籽粒脱落率均为最大,横向固定时油菜角果和籽粒脱落率最高达3.42%,而传统往复式割刀激振频率在8.0 Hz左右,位于5~10 Hz油菜角果和籽粒落粒最大的频率范围内,割刀的往复运动会引起油菜角果和油菜籽粒大幅落粒,因此割台振动也是造成油菜联合收获机割台落粒损失的重要原因之一。During harvesting of rapeseed,the falling of siliques and seeds caused by colliding and vibration of the harvester header accounts for about 50%of total harvesting loss(8%~10%).To analyze the impact of vibration of header on the harvesting loss during field operation,an experimental study was conducted on the 4LL1.5Y crawler rape combine harvester.Through vibration tests,the key vibration excitation sources were determined,which were the engine(27.53 Hz)and the cutter bar(7.93~8.53 Hz).Then,the frequency range causing the falling of siliques and seeds was determined using a Default Shaker hydraulic vibration system.The hydraulic shaker generated a frequency sweep from 0 Hz to 40 Hz on the“Huayouza 62”rapeseed stalks,and maximum falling occurred in the frequency range of 5~10 Hz.Single-factor experiments were conducted between the vibration excitation frequency and the falling of siliques and seeds.Results showed that when the frequency was 7 Hz,the stalks had maximum falling of siliques and seeds under both horizontal and vertical fixations.The maximum falling ratio was 3.42%when the stalks were under horizontal fixation.It can be concluded that the reciprocating cutter bar,whose excitation frequency was about 8.0 Hz,was the main vibration source causing harvesting losses.The research result can provide some reference for the optimization design of rapeseed and grain combine header cutter.

关 键 词：油菜联合收获机 割台 振动频率 落粒损失 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]