基于骨骼关节识别的拖拉机驾驶室座椅舒适度评价  

Evaluation of Seat Comfort in Tractor Cab Based on Bone Joint Recognition

作　　者：张开兴[1] 张斓 杨刚 赵秀艳[2] 刘贤喜[1,3] 李姣姣 ZHANG Kaixing;ZHANG Lan;YANG Gang;ZHAO Xiuyan;LIU Xianxi;LI Jiaojiao(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;College of Information Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,China;Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment Intelligence,Taian 271018,China;Shanxi Institute of Metrology Science,Xi an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学信息科学与工程学院,泰安271018 [3]山东省农业装备智能化工程实验室,泰安271018 [4]陕西省计量科学研究院,西安710065

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第S02期521-529,543,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700100);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019NJ011);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GNC106120)。

摘　　要：为优化拖拉机驾驶室座椅设计,减轻驾驶员作业负担,提高作业效率,解决我国拖拉机在驾驶室座椅舒适性方面技术基础研究不足的问题,提出一种基于骨骼关节识别的拖拉机驾驶室座椅舒适度评价方法。首先,在对拖拉机座椅舒适性影响因素分析的基础上选取人体坐姿关节角为研究因素,在配备不同座椅的两种拖拉机上利用消费级深度相机Kinect v2进行8组驾驶动作捕捉试验,获得了在不同驾驶动作下精确度为0.01°的关节角信息;然后,将关节角数据导入人体建模仿真分析软件Jack中得到人体模型,根据不同的驾驶动作进行了关节力矩仿真及下背部受力仿真,分析得到人体舒适度结果;最后,基于层次分析法构建了拖拉机座椅舒适度评价指标层次结构模型,确定各指标权重并进行一致性检验,对涉及的所有指标的原始数据进行处理并计算得到座椅舒适度的综合评价结果。仿真结果表明,相比于普通座椅的拖拉机,在配备基于人机工程学座椅的拖拉机上作业时,人体模型动作完成能力增加10个百分点且无关节不适的情况,其腰部关节处的压力在驾驶姿势下可以有效减少80 N,在扭转姿势下可以有效减少370 N,并且腰部所受的侧向剪力也有所减小,证明了人体模型在此拖拉机座椅上的舒适度更高。通过分析座椅舒适度评价矩阵,可以得到根据人机工程学设计的座椅舒适度优于普通座椅。依据骨骼关节识别方法的评价结果与根据层次分析法分析的结果一致,证明了基于骨骼关节识别的拖拉机驾驶室座椅舒适度评价方法的可行性与有效性。该评价方法可为拖拉机驾驶室座椅人机工程学研究及准确高效地优化拖拉机座椅设计提供参考依据与指导对策。In order to optimize the design of tractor cab seat,reduce the workload of the driver,improve work efficiency,and solve the problem of insufficient technical basic research on the comfort of cab seat of Chinese tractors,evaluation method for seat comfort of tractor cab based on bone joint recognition was proposed.Firstly,based on the analysis of factors affecting the comfort of tractor seat,the human sitting joint angle was selected as the research factor.The consumer-grade depth camera Kinect v2 was used to conduct eight driving motion capture experiments on two tractors equipped with different seats.The joint angle information with an accuracy of 0.01°under different driving actions was obtained;then,the joint angle data was imported into the human body modeling simulation analysis software Jack to obtain the human body model,and the joint torque simulation and lower back force were carried out according to different driving actions simulation and analysis to obtain the results of human comfort;finally,based on the analytic hierarchy process,a hierarchical model of the tractor seat comfort evaluation index was constructed,the weight of each index was determined and the consistency test was performed,and the original data of all the indicators involved were processed and calculated to obtain the comprehensive evaluation result of seat comfort.The simulation results showed that compared with tractors with ordinary seats,when working on tractors equipped with ergonomic seats,the ability of digital humans to complete actions was increased by 10 percentage points,and there was no joint discomfort.The pressure can be effectively reduced by 80 N in the driving posture and 370 N in the twisting posture,and the lateral shear on the waist was also reduced,proving that the digital human was more comfortable on this tractor seat.By analyzing the seat comfort evaluation matrix,it can be obtained that the seat comfort designed according to ergonomics was better than ordinary seats.The evaluation results based on the bone jo

关 键 词：人机工程 拖拉机座椅 骨骼关节提取 舒适度评价 

分 类 号：S219.01[农业科学—农业机械化工程]