玉米倒伏对机械粒收损失的影响及倒伏减损收获技术  

Effect of Lodging on Maize Grain Loss and Loss Reduction Technology in Mechanical Grain Harvest

作　　者：薛军 董朋飞[2] 胡树平[3] 李璐璐[1] 王克如[1] 高尚 王浥州 李少昆[1] XUEJun;DONG Peng-fei;HU Shu-ping;LI Lu-lu;WANG Ke-ru;GAO Shang;WANG Yi-zhou;LI Shao-kun(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Agronomy College,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046;College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]河南农业大学农学院,郑州450046 [3]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《玉米科学》2020年第6期116-120,126,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300405);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-25);中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程。

摘　　要：通过调查玉米田间倒伏率与机械粒收产量损失率,建立倒伏率与机械粒收损失率之间的量化关系,采取改变割台高度和收获方向等措施,明确不同收获方式对产量损失的影响。结果表明,倒伏对玉米产量影响主要表现为落穗损失。与根倒相比,茎折对玉米产量损失的影响更大,茎折每增加1%,落穗率增加0.28%;根倒每增加1%,落穗率增加0.17%。茎折发生的部位越低,落穗率越高。收获时降低收获机割台可以减少部分产量损失,易造成收获机割台堵塞,收获速度和效率大幅下降。与顺倒伏方向和垂直倒伏方向收获相比,逆倒伏方向收获的落穗损失最低。The rate of stalk lodging,root lodging,ear and kernel loss were investigated to determine the quanti-tative relationship of lodging rate with grain loss in mechanical grain harvest.The effect of different harvesting meth-ods on yield loss are clarified by changing the header height and harvest direction.The results showed that,the earloss was a major part of grain yield loss.The stalk lodging had a greater impact on maize ear loss than root lodging inmechanical grain harvest.Ear loss ra/te increased by 0.28%when stalk lodging rate increased each 1%,ear lossrate increased by 0.17%when root lodging rate increased each 1%.The ear loss was higher in lower position of stalkbroken than that in higher position.Lowering the harvester header decreased ear loss rate,but this was easily tocause blockage of the header,this greatly reduced harvest efficiency.When the harvesting direction was opposite tothe direction of plant lodging,the ear loss was lowest,however,this was also easily to cause the blockage of the header.

关 键 词：玉米 机械粒收 倒伏 落穗损失 割台高度 收获方向 

分 类 号：S513.091[农业科学—作物学]