秸秆还田配施氮肥对春玉米氮素利用及土壤氮素平衡的影响  

Effects of Combined Straw Returning and Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Utilization of Spring Maize and Soil Nitrogen Balance

作　　者：高洪军[1] 彭畅[1] 窦森[2] 张秀芝[1] 李强[1] 李素琴[1] 朱平[1] GAO Hong-jun;PENG Chang;DOU Sen;ZHANG Xiu-zhi;LI Qiang;LI Su-qin;ZHU Ping(Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033;College of Resource and Environmental Science,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院,长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《玉米科学》2020年第6期134-141,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程杰出青年项目(CXGC2017JQ008);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200402103NC);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200304)。

摘　　要：通过8年田间定位试验,研究玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对春玉米产量、剖面土壤无机氮积累、氮素平衡和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,通过线性加平台回归方程,求得2012~2019年最高玉米产量所需的适宜施氮量依次为202.7、193.7、182.2、171.2、163.6、156.1、150.7和150.5 kg/hm2。氮素表观损失量和土壤残留矿质氮量均随着施氮量增加而显著增加,两者与施氮量之间均呈显著正相关。每增加10 kg/hm2施氮量,土壤残留矿质氮量、氮素表观损失量分别增加9.09~10.34、5.89~7.34 kg/hm2。当施氮量超过150 kg/hm2时,各处理间玉米吸氮量差异不显著,土壤残留矿质氮、氮素表观损失量之间差异均达显著水平(P<0.05)。随着施氮量增加,氮肥利用率呈先增加后减小趋势,当施氮量为150 kg/hm2时,两年氮肥利用率分别达到最高(75.2%和92.3%)。当施氮量为210~330 kg/hm2,剖面土壤无机氮残留量显著增加,造成土壤无机氮在土壤深层(60~100 cm)的大量累积。The effects of combined straw returning and applying nitrogen fertilizer on yield of spring maize,accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in soil profile,nitrogen balance and nitrogen use efficiency were studied in a field experiment for eight years.The results showed that t the optimum nitrogen application rates for 2012-2019 were202.7,193.7,182.2,171.2,163.6,156.1,150.7 and 150.5 kg/ha,respectively,according to the linear regression equation.Both apparent nitrogen loss and residual mineral nitrogen increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and there was a significant positive correlation between them and nitrogen application rate.For applying nitrogen amounts of 100 kg/ha,the residual mineral N and the apparent loss of N increased by 9.09-10.34 and 5.89-7.34 kg/ha,respectively.When the nitrogen application rate exceeded 150 kg/ha,there was no significant difference in nitrogen uptake,but the apparent loss of Nand residual mineral N in soil was significant among different treatments.With the increase of N application rate,N use efficiency increased at first and then decreased.When N application rate reached 150 kg/ha,N use efficiency reached the highest(75.2%and 92.3%).In the range of 210-330 kg/ha nitrogen application,the residual inorganic nitrogen increased significantly,which resulted in the accumulation of inorganic nitrogen in deep soil(60-100 cm).

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 土壤无机氮 氮素平衡 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513.062[农业科学—作物学]