酸化奶饲喂量对荷斯坦犊牛生长及断奶后期瘤胃菌群的影响  

Effect of acidified milk feeding amount on growth and rumen flora of Holstein calves at later weaning stage

作　　者：李叔臻 王雅晶[2] 董旭明 朱云 王雅春[2] 曹志军[2] 李胜利[2] 马云 淡新刚[1] 康晓龙[1] 史远刚[1] LI Shuzhen;WANG Yajing;DONG Xuming;ZHU Yun;WANG Yachun;CAO Zhijun;LI Shengli;MA Yun;DAN Xingang;KANG Xiaolong;SHI Yuangang(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100083

出　　处：《东北农业大学学报》2020年第12期68-78,98,共12页Journal of Northeast Agricultural University

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BBF33006);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0501603)。

摘　　要：为研究不同酸化奶饲喂量对荷斯坦犊牛生长及断奶后期瘤胃菌群多样性的影响,试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选择健康状况良好荷斯坦母犊12头,随机均分为2组,对照组(L1组:自由采食)和试验组(L2组:限量饲喂)。结果表明,①不同饲喂量对哺乳期及断奶后期犊牛体重和日增重均有显著影响,自由采食使犊牛体重和日增重显著升高,对肠道发酵参数无显著影响。②两组样本中相对丰度最高菌门为拟杆菌门与厚壁菌门,属水平上相对丰度最高菌类为普雷沃氏菌属、瘤胃球菌属和毛螺菌属,均无显著差异,限量饲喂显著降低未注释韦荣氏菌属相对丰度(P<0.05);③利用LEfSe分析限量饲喂组梭菌目、梭菌纲、疣微菌科、未注释疣微菌科相对丰度较自由采食组显著增加(P<0.05);栖瘤胃普雷沃菌、未注释普雷沃氏菌科、拟杆菌目、拟杆菌纲、普雷沃氏菌科相对丰度较自由采食组显著减少(P<0.05)。综上所述,自由采食酸化奶显著增加犊牛体重和日增重,提高未注释韦荣氏菌属、栖瘤胃普雷沃菌、未注释普雷沃氏菌科、拟杆菌目、拟杆菌纲、普雷沃氏菌科相对丰度,在提高犊牛生长速度同时对肠胃菌群也有一定调节作用。To investigate the effects of different feeding amounts of acidified milk on growth and rumen bacterial diversity of Holstein calves at later weaning stage,12 Holstein female calves in good health were selected using a completely random design and randomly divided into two groups:the control group(L1:free feeding)and the experimental group(L2:limited feeding).The results showed that①different feeding amounts had significant influence on the weight and daily weight gain of calves during lactation and later weaning period,and free intake significantly increased the weight and daily weight gain of calves,but had no significant influence on intestinal fermentation parameters.②The bacteroidetes with the highest relative abundance in the two groups were Bacteroidetes and Firmicides,and the fungi with the highest relative abundance in the two groups were Prevotellaceae,Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae,with no significant difference.Limited feeding significantly reduced the relative abundance of unidentified Veillonellaceae(P<0.05).③LEfSe analysis showed that the relative abundance of Clostridiales,Clostridia,Ruminococcaceae and unidentified Ruminococcaceae in the limited feeding group was significantly increased compared with that in the free feeding group(P<0.05).The relative abundance of Prevotella ruminicola,unidentified Prevotellaceae,Bacteroidales,Bacteroidia and Prevotiniaceae was significantly reduced compared with the free feeding group(P<0.05).Above all,freedom to gather the food acidified milk significantly increased the calf body weight and daily gain,improved the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae_NA,Prevotella ruminicola,unidentified Prevotellaceae,Bacteroidales,Bacteroidia,Prevotellaceae,improved the calf growth rate and had certain effect for regulating intestinal flora.

关 键 词：犊牛 生长发育 瘤胃 限量饲喂 自由采食 16S rDNA 

分 类 号：S858.23[农业科学—临床兽医学]