战争与舞蹈:《牧誓》“步伐止齐”问题再思考  

War and Dance:Rethinking on“Organizing Steps into Neat Formation”in Pastoral Oath

作　　者：李韶华 LI Shao-hua(College of History and Culture,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院,长春130024

出　　处：《北京舞蹈学院学报》2020年第5期25-31,共7页Journal of Beijing Dance Academy

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“中华优秀传统文化的学理建构、价值认同与教育策略研究”(项目编号17JZD044)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《尚书·牧誓》中"步伐止齐"一句素有或战或舞的争议。将"步伐止齐"置于先秦礼乐文明发展中观察可见其为普遍历史现象,即实战性与表演性融一的早期"武舞"。历经商周实战总结与礼仪化需求,早期"武舞"于东周礼乐文本中被分化为专门的备战操练与独立的战争舞蹈,致使后世学者在解读《牧誓》"步伐止齐"时把教战与武舞截然分途。从《牧誓》基本史事的可靠性和文本写成的滞后性来看,"步伐止齐"当是早期儒家为解决政治伦理困境,实现王道政治和礼乐教化目的进行的符合历史背景的细节增补。The phrase"organizing steps into neat formation"in Book of History·Pastoral Oath has always been controversial about whether it is about war or dance.Putting this phrase in the ritual and music development in the pre-Qin period,it can be seen that it is a universal historical phenomenon,that is,the early"dance for military force"combining actual combat with performance function.After the summarization of actual combats and the need for etiquette in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,the early"dance for military force"was divided into special preparation drills and independent war dances in ritual and music texts of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty,causing the interpretations on this phrase of later generations to separate war teaching from dance for military force.Judging from the reliability of the basic historical facts and the lagging in the textual writing,the"organizing steps into neat formation"should be the detailed supplements,conforming to historical background,created by the early Confucianists,in order to solve the political and ethical dilemma and realize the purpose of royal politics and ritual and music enlightenment.

关 键 词：《牧誓》 习战 武舞 历史叙事 

分 类 号：J709[艺术—舞蹈]