加泰罗尼亚分离主义实践探析:基于对巴塞罗那城市标识的考察  

An Analysis of the Catalonian Separatist Practices Based on an Investigation of the City Identifiers in Barcelona

作　　者：刘泓[1] Hong Liu

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《世界民族》2020年第6期26-37,共12页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所创新工程重大项目A类课题“中国周边跨境民族与‘一带一路’国家民族问题调查研究”(项目编号:2019MZSCX002)的中期成果。

摘　　要：本文通过考察加泰罗尼亚分离主义势力为建构其“国族”认同而采取的相关举措,探析了“巴塞罗那为加泰罗尼亚人专属”的理念与实践被不断推进的基本路径。旨在阐明加泰罗尼亚分离主义势力将城市标识的视觉、听觉线索彼此勾连,并用以建构“国族”认同的出发点和具体步骤。本文的主要内容涉及城市建筑、历史故事和涂鸦三种城市标识。本文认为,在城市市民的“国族”认同被以城市标识加以建构的背景下,人们不仅对“国族”标识政治含义有了理解,也获得了历史、文化和社会等方面的基本认识。本文强调,根据《西班牙宪法》规定,“独立决议”和“公投法”均为违反宪法原则的“法规”,同时,“任何旨在部分或全面分裂一个国家团结和破坏其领土完整的企图,都与《联合国宪章》的目的和原则相违背”;随着“巴塞罗那为加泰罗尼亚人专属”等相关主张所得到的关注度的不断提升,国籍、居住区域、公民身份识别和城市归属等问题亦被联系起来。本文指出,在多民族国家建构中,增强国族文化认同是各族人民团结之本,打造城市标识的分离主义实践不容忽视,不断加强防范、反对分离主义的力度刻不容缓、任重道远。Through examining the initiatives adopted by the Catalonian separatist forces to construct a Catalan“national”identity,this paper analyzes the basic approach taken by these separatists to continuously advance their theory and practice that“Barcelona is exclusive to the Catalans”,aiming at illustrating the ways in which the separatist forces connect the visual and aural cues of the city identifiers in order to construct a“national”identity.Focusing on three types of city identifiers:urban architecture,historical stories and graffiti,this paper argues that when the“national”identity of the city’s citizens is constructed by city identifiers,the citizens will not only understand the political meaning of the“national”identifiers,but also acquire basic historical,cultural and social cognitions.According to the Spanish Constitution,decision on independence and the referendum law are all unconstitutional,while“any attempt to partially or holistically divide national unity and territorial integrity is deemed as contrary to the purpose and principle of the UN Charter”.With the claims like“Barcelona is exclusive to the Catalans”gaining ground,issues such as nationality,area of residence,citizenship and city affiliation are also being linked up.It is pointed out in the paper that strengthening national cultural identity is the basis for the unity of peoples in building a multi-ethnic state.Therefore,separatist practices in the form of forging particular city identifiers cannot be neglected and must be timely prevented,and it is also imperative to step up efforts to combat separatism.

关 键 词：民族分离主义 城市标识 巴塞罗那 加泰罗尼亚 

分 类 号：D755.1[政治法律—政治学]