中间城市的“反击”——“平等”理念下的法国国土整治实践  

The“Counterattack”of Intermediate Cities:Exploring the Concept of“Equality”in the French Territorial Configuration

作　　者：荆锋 王世福[2] 莫浙娟[2] Jing Feng;Wang Shifu;Mo Zhejuan

机构地区：[1]中国宏泰产业市镇发展有限公司 [2]华南理工大学建筑学院与亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2020年第6期79-88,共10页Urban Planning International

基　　金：2017年广东省自然科学基金博士启动纵向协同项目(2017A030310248);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51878285)资助。

摘　　要：20世纪的法国国土空间发展遭遇了愈演愈烈的大都市极化与中小城市荒漠化的矛盾。伴随着1980年代以来的全球化与欧盟一体化,两者的不平衡势态急速加剧,大批中间城市丧失其预设的"国土脊梁"地位。在内外矛盾交织、集权走向分权的形势下,根深蒂固的"平等"理念引发法国社会全面思考:平等不是平均,也不是抑强扶弱,而是让城市具备基于自身特质的主动发展权和动态平衡的协调能力。国土空间领域则呈现出中间城市对大都市的"反击":通过精准的定位与产业重构,重拾城市活力和人口流动性,重新成为国土功能体系中的重要"铰链"。法国诸多中间城市的反击已处于起步与全新探索阶段,而我国大量城市研究仍仅关注"城乡"两极。在我国城镇化进入新阶段,面临原有发展动力亟须转型,中小城镇几乎集体"失语"的学术与现实语境下,借法国之石,管窥其"中间"层级的国土发展新理念,以及相应的政策制定与行动,可作为我国国土空间规划发展与探索的良好借鉴。The development of French territorial space in the last century had encountered a growing contradiction between the polarization of the metropolis and the desertification of small and medium-sized cities(towns).Along with the globalization and EU integration since the 1980s,the imbalance between them has intensified,and a large number of intermediate cities have lost their pre-established"national backbone"status.Under the decentralization situation that internal and external contradictions are intertwined,the deep-rooted concept of"equality"has led to the full thinking of French society:equality is not average,nor does it mean restraining the strong and supporting the weak,but is to enable cities to have the ability to actively develop and balance their dynamics based on their own traits.In the field of national territorial space,the"counterattack"of the intermediate cites to the metropolis is presented:through the new identity and industrial restructuring,intermediate cites have regained the urban dynamics and the reconstruction of the spatial logic of population mobility,and have re-emerged as an important hinge in the national functional system.Although the counterattacks of the intermediate cities in France are in the beginning and a new stage of exploration,a large number of urban studies in China still focus on the"urban and rural"polarization.In the academic and realistic context of the collective"aphasia"of small and medium-sized cities and towns,the French experience and the new concept of the"intermediate"territorial level can be used as a good reference for the development and exploration of China’s national land planning.

关 键 词：中间城市 平衡大都市 国土空间整治 平等 国土节点 都市圈 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]