土壤污染物的生态毒理效应和风险评估研究进展  

Research Progress on Ecotoxicological Effects and Risk Assessment of Soil Pollutants

作　　者：张霖琳[1] 金小伟[1] 王业耀[1] ZHANG Linlin;JIN Xiaowei;WANG Yeyao(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring,China National Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境监测总站,国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2020年第6期5-13,共9页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：中国工程院咨询研究项目(2020-XY-21)。

摘　　要：环境生态风险评估(ERA)流程已经被纳入全球环境政策中,既用于规范新化学物质的授权和营销(前瞻性环境生态风险评估),也用于评估潜在的污染场地(回顾性环境生态风险评估)。将土壤生态毒理学应用于风险评估,能阐明有毒物质对土壤生态系统中生命有机体的危害程度与范围。笔者主要介绍了应用评估因子法和物种敏感度分布法对基于效应数据进行的外推与估算,并综述了欧美等主要国家和地区的土壤生态风险评估框架、相关法律法规及其实施情况等,为中国开展土壤污染物生态毒理效应和风险评估等相关研究提供参考。The environmental ecological risk assessment(ERA) process has gained relevance in decision-making processes,being progressively integrated in environmental policies worldwide,both for regulating the authorization and marketing of new chemical substances(prospective ERA) and for evaluating potentially contaminated sites(retrospective ERA).Application of soil ecotoxicology in risk assessment could explain the extent and scope of the harm of toxic substances to living organisms in soil ecosystems.Assessment factor method and species sensitivity distribution method were introduced to extrapolate and estimate predicted no effect concentrations and other effect-based data.The frameworks,legal support,and implementation of ERA in Europe and the United States were reviewed,which could provide reference for relevant research on ecological toxicological effects and risk assessment of soil pollutants in China.

关 键 词：土壤 评估因子 物种敏感度分布 前瞻性ERA 回顾性ERA 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]