湖南省块茎类中药材全程机械化现状与对策建议——以龙牙百合为例  

Present Situation and Countermeasures of Whole-Process Mechanization of Tuberous Chinese Herbal Medicines in Hunan Province——Take the lily bulbsas an example

作　　者：方志超 雷雨田 代振维[1] 吴明亮[1,2] 张岚 FANG Zhichao;LEI Yutian;DAI Zhenwei;WU Mingliang;ZHANG Lan(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipment,Changsha,Hunan 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南现代农业装备工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《农业工程与装备》2020年第8期20-26,共7页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND EQUIPMENT

基　　金：湖南省2019年农业千亿产业机械化研发项目(湘财农指[2019]34号)。

摘　　要：湖南是我国中药材生产大省。隆回县是块茎类中药材龙牙百合的种植生产发源地,但以龙牙百合为代表的块茎类中药材机械化生产技术与装备水平比较落后。为推动湖南省块茎类中药材生产全程机械化发展,本课题组通过查阅大量相关文献和实地调研,对龙牙百合的生产机械化现状进行归纳总结并得出以下结论:耕整起垄、种植、田间管理、收获、剥片等作业环节综合机械化程度不足30%,除耕整起垄和采收外其他环节的机械化作业几乎空白。本课题组研制了百合采收机,其作业效率为0.2~0.3 hm2/h,收净率达95%,损伤率臆2%,满足作业要求。据分析可知,制约龙牙百合生产机械化发展的原因主要有改变传统生产方式的观念落后、农机农艺融合度低、关键环节作业装备缺乏等。从多个角度提出了相应的对策,旨在为促进湖南省龙牙百合生产机械化发展提供参考。Hunan province is a major province in the production of traditional Chinese herbal medicines in China.Longhui County is the birthplace of cultivation and production of lily bulbs,atuberous traditional Chinese herbal medicine.But the mechanized production technology and equipment level of tuberous traditional Chinese herbal medicine represented by lily bulbs is extremely lagging.To promote the whole-process mechanization of the production of tuberous traditional Chinese herbal medicines in Hunan province,this paper takes lily bulbs as an example to summarize its planting and mechanization status by referring to a large number of relevant literature and field research.The operation steps of tillage,ridging,planting,field management and lily harvesting is analyzed.The current situation of Longya lily production mechanization is summarized and the following conclusions are drawn:the comprehensive mechanization degree of operation links such as tillage and ridge,planting,field management,harvesting,and peeling is less than 30%.Except for tillage,ridge formation and harvesting,there are almost no mechanized operations in other links.This research group has developed a lily harvester with an operating efficiency of 0.2~0.3hm2/h,a net recovery rate of 95%,and a damage rate less than2%,which meets the operating requirements.According to the analysis,the main reasons that restrict the mechanization promotion of lily bulbs are the backward traditional production mode and concept,the low integration degree of agricultural machinery and techniques,and the lack of key operation equipment.In this paper,the corresponding countermeasures are put forward from multiple angles,aiming to provide a reference for promoting the mechanization of the production of lily bulbs in Hunan province.

关 键 词：龙牙百合 隆回县 全程机械化 现状 建议 

分 类 号：S531[农业科学—作物学]