建筑节能设计对严寒和寒冷地区居室氡浓度和换气率的影响  

Impact of energy-saving design of residential buildings on both indoor radon concentration and air exchange rate in severe-cold areas and cold areas

作　　者：武云云[1] 张庆召[1] 宋延超[1] 尚兵[1] 崔宏星[1] Wu Yunyun;Zhang Qingzhao;Song Yanchao;Shang Bing;Cui Hongxing(Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency,China CDC,National Institute for Radiological Protection,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所/辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《中华放射医学与防护杂志》2020年第12期945-950,共6页Chinese Journal of Radiological Medicine and Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(11375164)。

摘　　要：目的:初步分析严寒和寒冷地区建筑节能设计对居室氡浓度的影响。方法:选择哈尔滨、佳木斯、沈阳、西宁、银川共5个城市的25户住宅,密闭门窗24 h测量氡浓度及其子体和换气率。采用RAD7测氡仪连续测量室内氡浓度,BWLM-PLUS工作水平氡子体测量仪连续测量氡子体,采用示踪气体稀释法测室内换气率。结果:25户住宅密闭门窗24 h,室内氡浓度均值为122 Bq/m 3,范围为33~255 Bq/m 3,室内氡浓度24 h均值有36%超过了150 Bq/m 3。室内氡子体平衡因子均值为0.47,范围为0.20~0.72,换气率的均值为0.19次/h,范围为0.05~0.39次/h。室内氡浓度随房屋建筑年代的变化呈现增高的趋势,而换气率随房屋建筑年代的变化呈现降低趋势。结论:严格的建筑节能设计是近年我国居室氡浓度增加的重要影响因素,节能居住建筑的室内氡污染问题值得关注。Objective To investigate the influence of energy-saving design of residential buildings with respect to indoor radon concentrations in the severe-cold areas and cold areas.Methods The indoor radon concentration and ventilation rate were measured inside 25 houses in 5 different cities.The indoor radon concentration was measured by using RAD7 radon instrument and its progeny concentrations were measured continuously using BWLM-PLUS working level monitor,respectively.The measurement period was 24 h for each dwelling in the condition that doors and windows were closed.The air exchange rate was measured using tracer gas dilution method.Results The average indoor radon concentration was 122 Bq/m3,in the range of 33-255 Bq/m3 during a 24 h-measurement period,with some exceeding 150 Bq/m3 in approximately 36%of measured dwellings.The average radon progeny equilibrium factor was 0.47,ranging from 0.20 to 0.72.The average air exchange rates was 0.19/h,in range of 0.05-0.39/h.The indoor radon concentration showed an increase with the year of construction.However,the ventilation rate decreased with the year of construction.Conclusions The energy saving design of residential buildings is an important influence factor that leads to the increase in radon concentration in China in recent years.The problem that energy-saving design of residential buildings could lead to indoor radon pollution is worthy of attention.

关 键 词：居住建筑 节能设计 室内氡浓度 平衡因子 换气率 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]