1971—2018年陕西省人体舒适度时空分布特征研究  

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of comfort index of human body in Shaanxi Province from 1971 to 2018

作　　者：雷杨娜[1] 张侠[1] 赵晓萌[1] LEI Yang-na;ZHANG Xia;ZHAO Xiao-meng(Shaanxi Climate Center,Xi’an 710014,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省气候中心,陕西西安710014

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2020年第6期1417-1425,共9页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：陕西省气象局青年科研基金项目(2017Y-4)资助。

摘　　要：根据陕西省94个气象观测站1971—2018年逐日气象资料,对人体舒适度指数(ICHB)时空分布特征及其影响因子权重进行了统计分析。结果表明:(1)陕西近48 a省ICHB呈现显著上升趋势,线性趋势达到0.07·a^-1,陕北、关中和陕南地区年际变化与全省变化趋势基本一致。四季ICHB变化均呈上升趋势,其中春季上升趋势最为显著,冬季次之,秋季最低,四季ICHB在2000年以来增幅减缓。各区四季ICHB年际变化与全省趋势一致,各区ICHB夏季差异最小,冬季最大。ICHB月变化呈单峰型,1月最低,7月最高。(2)陕西各地ICHB介于26~52之间,体感属于冷、凉和凉爽等级。ICHB空间分布差异显著,陕南地区最高,其次是关中,陕北地区最低。四季ICHB分布特征与全年分布特征相似,均呈现自北向南逐步升高的趋势。(3)R/S分析预测未来气温将升高,风速则呈减少趋势,ICHB将继续升高,四季气候舒适性将发生改变。(4)温度(湿度、风速)与ICHB存在显著的正(负)相关关系,温度和风速是影响陕西省ICHB的最主要因子,且二者影响程度基本相当,湿度主要通过温度影响ICHB。3个地区温度的正影响和风速的负影响均较大,关中地区3个要素之间互相影响较大;陕北和陕南地区各要素之间互相影响较小,对ICHB的直接影响较大。To reveal the change law of human comfort in Shaanxi Province,China under the background of climate change,the spatial-temporal characteristics of Comfort Index of Human Body(ICHB)are analyzed using the daily meteorological data observed by 94 stations in Shaanxi Province from 1971 to 2018.At the same time,the weight of every influencing factor is analyzed statistically.Analysis results can provide references for urban atmospheric environment assessment and tourism climate resource development.Results indicated that:(1)The annual average ICHB in Shaanxi presents an ascendant trend in the past 48 a,which reaches an extremely significant level.The linear increasing trend of ICHB in Shaanxi is 0.07 each year.The inter-annual changes in each region are basically consistent with the changes in Shaanxi Province,with upward trends of 0.05·a^-1,0.09·a^-1,and 0.05·a^-1,respectively.The ICHB in each season presents obvious increasing trend,especially in spring with a linear trend of 0.1·a^-1.The increasing trend of ICHB slowed down since the 21st century,and the ICHB decreased after 2001 in autumn and winter.The annual variation of ICHB in the four seasons of each region is consistent with the trend of the Shaanxi Province.The difference of ICHB in summer is minimum,while the largest difference is observed in winter.Monthly changes of ICHB are of single peak type with the lowest in January and the highest in July.(2)The ICHB in Shaanxi is between 26 and 52,and the grade is cold and cool.The spatial distribution of ICHB is significantly different in each region,with the highest in southern Shaanxi(40-52),followed by Guanzhong(26-48),and the lowest in northern Shaanxi(33-43).The distribution characteristics of ICHB in the four seasons are similar to those in the whole year with all showing increasing trends from north to south.The ICHB in the four seasons of spring,summer,autumn,and winter in the province shows a rising-rising-declining-declining trend.(3)By R/S nalysis,it was found that the Hurst values of most factors

关 键 词：人体舒适度指数 时空特征 通径分析 陕西省 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]