日本社会保障调节收入再分配的路径与效应分析——以社会保险为中心  

An Analysis of Path and Effect of Japan’s Social Security in Adjusting the Income Distribution:Focusing on the Social Insurance

作　　者：王伟[1] Wang Wei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院日本研究所

出　　处：《日本学刊》2020年第6期81-108,共28页Japanese Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院—上海市人民政府上海研究院项目“日本养老护理制度建设:理论、政策与实践”。

摘　　要：日本在建立和完善社会保障体系的过程中十分重视社会保障的再分配功能,形成了以社会保险为主体、国家投入为辅助的社会保障体系。以公共养老金保险、医疗保险和护理保险等社会保险为主要内容,构成日本社会保障发挥收入再分配功能的重要途径。日本在实现社会保障制度覆盖全民的前提下,通过缴费和给付两个环节进行收入再分配调节;通过保险制度之间的资金调剂,消除制度之间由于风险不均所造成的财政负担失衡,促进收入再分配调节功能的发挥。在收入再分配实践当中,日本促进了代际间的收入转移,加大力度调节不同收入阶层间的差距,缩小不同地区之间的经济差距。社会保障在调节收入再分配中的作用远大于税收。In the process of establishing and improving the social security system,Japan attaches great importance to the redistribution function of social security and builds up a social security system with social insurance as the main body and state investment as the supporting part,with the social insurance such as public pension insurance,medical insurance and nursing insurance forming an important way for Japanese social security to implement the income redistribution.Under the premise of realizing the social security system to cover the whole population,Japan carries on the income redistribution adjustment through the payment and contribution,with the fund adjustment between the insurance systems in order to eliminate the imbalance of financial burden caused by uneven risk between systems and promote the function of income redistribution and regulation.In the practice of income redistribution,Japan has promoted intergenerational income transfer,increased efforts to adjust the gap between different income classes,and narrowed the economic gap between different regions.The role of social security in regulating income redistribution is much greater than that of taxation.

关 键 词：社会保障 社会保险 缴费 给付 调节收入再分配 

分 类 号：D57[政治法律—政治学] F113.8[政治法律—国际政治]