基于最小二乘法的机床主轴热误差补偿技术研究  

Research on Thermal Error Compensation Technology of Machine Tool Spindle On Least Square Method

作　　者：刘宏伟[1,2,4] 杨锐 向华[4] 王平江[4] 李波[2] 陈国华 LIU Hongwei;YANG Rui;XIANG Hua;WANG Pingjiang;LI Bo;CHEN Guohua(Hubei Key Laboratory of Power System Design and Test for Electrical Vehicle,Hubei University of Arts and Science,Xiangyang Hubei 441053,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Hubei University of Arts and Science,Xiangyang Hubei 441053,China;Xiangyang Vocational and Technical College,Xiangyang Hubei 441053,China;National NC System Engineering Research Center,School of Mechanical Science and Engineering,Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北文理学院纯电动汽车动力系统设计与测试湖北省重点实验室,湖北襄阳441053 [2]湖北文理学院机械工程学院,湖北襄阳441053 [3]襄阳职业技术学院,湖北襄阳441053 [4]华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院国家数控系统工程研究中心,武汉430074

出　　处：《机械设计与研究》2020年第6期130-133,共4页Machine Design And Research

基　　金：湖北省教育厅优秀中青年科技创新团队计划资助项目(No.T201919)。

摘　　要：主轴的热偏离在数控机床误差中占有很大比例。通过具体的实验分析机床主轴的轴向热伸长和径向热偏移的原因,研究了在额定转速下,主轴热误差随时间变化的关系,运用最小二乘法估计原理建立了数学模型。基于这种模型,主轴热误差的补偿过程作了分析。补偿模块集成在数控系统中,补偿方法为实时补偿,为了证明这种补偿方法的效果,在一个三轴数控机床上加工了两个工件,通过对比补偿前加工的一个零件和补偿后加工的另一个零件的轮廓,可以得出此补偿方法能够有效的提高机床的加工精度,在一定程度上解决了热误差对主轴精度的影响。The thermal deviation of the spindle plays a more important role in the error of CNC machine tool.In this paper,the causes of axial thermal elongation and radial thermal offset for the machine tool spindle are analyzed through specific experiments.The relationship between thermal error of spindle and time is studied,and the mathematical model is established by the least square estimation principle.Based on the model,the compensation process of the spindle thermal error is analyzed.The compensation module is integrated in the CNC system,and the compensation method is real-time compensation.In order to prove the effect of this compensation method,two parts are processed on a three-axis machine tool.By comparing the contour of one part processed before compensation and the other part processed after compensation,it can be concluded that this compensation method can effectively improve the machining accuracy of machine tools,and solves the influence of thermal error on the spindle accuracy to a certain extent.

关 键 词：热误差 主轴 最小二乘法 补偿 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]